Abstract: In view of the fragile ecological environment and land use characteristics of Jiangjin district in Chongqing, the evaluation index system is established from three aspects: carrying strength, carrying efficiency and carrying potential. The comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the land resource carrying capacity of Jiangjin from 2007 to 2016, and the obstruction model is used to analyse obstacle factors of land resource carrying capacity in each township. The results show that: (1) During 2007 to 2016, the land resource carrying capacity of Jiangjin shows an overall upward trend, but the increase rate is small. The carrying capacity is still low, and none of townships has got a good state. Various measures are needed to continuously improve the land resource carrying capacity. The regional gap of the carrying capacity has decreased in recent years, which presents a spatial pattern of higher in the south and lower in the north. (2) The contribution of each subsystem varies. Carrying strength contributes the most, and then carrying potential. Carrying efficiency contributes the least, so carrying efficiency is the key to improve carrying capacity. (3) The main obstacle factors of land resource carrying capacity in Jiangjin are fixed asset investment density, unit construction land output, forest land proportion, per capita ecological land area, environment protection investment index, and per capita arable land area. The obstacle factors of each township are quite different. (4) Different measures should be taken in areas with different obstacle factors. The major urban areas and industrial parks should appropriately control population and strictly limit the conversion of agricultural land into construction land. The fragile ecological areas should vigorously implement the policies of arable land fallow and conversion of cropland to forest to promote the transformation of farmers’ livelihoods. Areas where economic development are restricted by ecological protection should transform the economic development mode and land use patterns.