Abstract: Shengjin Lake Wetland is the only National Nature Reserve aiming at protecting the wintering cranes in Anhui province. It has an important reference value to study the effect of wetland landscape pattern change on the geographical distribution of wintering cranes for restoring wetland ecosystem, protecting the crane population, etc. This paper analyzes the geographical distribution characteristics of the wintering cranes including Hooded Crane, Snow Crane, Common Crane and White-naped Crane in Shengjin Lake Wetland. Based on the eight periods of remote sensing images of Shengjin Lake Wetland from 1986 to 2017, we analyze the landscape pattern change characteristics and discuss the influence of landscape pattern change on the geographical distribution characteristics of wintering cranes. The results indicate that from 1986 to 2017, the landscape pattern of Shengjin Lake Wetland changed significantly: the number of patches increased, and the landscape fragmentation was serious. On the whole, the mudflats, grasslands, construction land, and paddy field area increased, while dry land, forest, reed beach, and water area decreased, which give rise to the decrease of the number of the four species cranes. And the main geographical distribution areas of cranes are water area, paddy field, reed beach, mudflats, and grasslands. The fragmentation of landscape in Shengjin Lake Wetland has been continuously intensified, and cranes’ geographical distribution area has been gradually reduced on the whole and habitat areas which are suitable for cranes have decreased, thus directly leading to the gradual decrease of crane population in the past 30 years.