Abstract: Based on the per capita fiscal revenue data of 1244 towns, using the comprehensive methods, the spatio-temporal characteristics and its influencing factors of the economic development at town level in Anhui Province was analyzed. The results were shown as follows. Firstly, from the internal differences, the imbalance index first rose and then declined, indicating that the degree of internal differences had decreased recently, but from the perspective of spatial imbalance, the overall difference was larger between the north and south. In detail, it was high between Huangshan and Xuancheng whereas low at Fuyang and Bozhou. Secondly, from the perspective of the Zip index, the concentration of economic development was gradually weakening, but the development speed of large towns was still outstanding. Thirdly, from the perspective of spatial interpolation, there were two major groups of the high-value regions. One was concentrated in the southern part and gradually expanded to the north, but it had been reduced in 2016. The other had formed a “beads” throughout the north and south, and the beads gradually expanded and then disappeared. The median regions were distributed in the middle of the central region. The low-valued regions were distributed in the northwest and northeast, and the northwestern region gradually expanded to the south whereas the northeast region gradually decreased. Fourthly, from the perspective of spatial differentiation, four distinct types of regions existed and were dominated by significant HH regions and significant LL regions. The significant HH regions were mainly distributed in Huangshan, Chizhou and Xuancheng in the southeast of Anhui. The significant LL regions were mainly distributed in Fuyang and Bozhou, and its range was expanded and gradually extended southward. The number of significant HL regions and significant LH regions were small and its agglomeration phenomenon was not obvious. Fifthly, from the influencing factors, the impact of the average value of the regression coefficient from large to small was the proportion of the population in the built-up regions, resident population, employees, the proportion of employees in the second and third industries, administrative regions, built-up regions proportion, industrial added value, per capita industrial output and average industrial output value.