Abstract: The influencing factor analysis of the scale evolution of water conservancy scenic spot (WCSS), can provide reference for promoting the construction of this kind of scenic spot, and enhancing regional sustainable development. With LMDI model, the factor contribution of scale evolution of WCSS along Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) are quantified. The factors include the construction intensity of WCSS, the development degree of water conservancy projects, the structure of water resources allocation and the endowment of water resources for the first time. The results show that: (1) For the WCSS scale evolution of the whole YREB,the influence of the endowment of water resources is the strongest positive,while the structure of water resources allocation shows the weakest impact. (2) For the WCSS scale evolution in each provinces along the YREB, among the four factors, the construction intensity of WCSS, and the development degree of water conservancy projects, play the strongest positive role in Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou, have respectively the most important positive and negative effect in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui and Zhejiang, and contrarily play respectively significant negative and positive roles in Yunnan. The most significant factor with positive influence in Jiangxi and Jiangsu is the development degree of water conservancy projects. The main negative influencing factor in Sichuan, Chongqing and Jiangsu is the structure of water resources allocation, while the water resource endowment of YREB shows negative effect in Guizhou and Jiangxi. Then some focalized suggestions are put forward on the construction of the WCSS for YREB.