Abstract: The recorded microscopic survey data of 979 farmers in Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei provinces is empirically analyzed using Semi-logarithm multiple regression and ordered probit models on the basis of theoretical analysis. The results are shown as following: (1) The eco-production behavior of farmers can be divided into input-reduction and technology-adoption types. (2) A U-shaped correlation is found to exist between the land scale and the input-reduction type eco-production behavior, while a proportional correlation between the land scale and the technology adoption type eco-production behavior. (3) The influencing factors of farmers' input-reduction eco-production behavior are different between small and scale farmers, but there are few differences in the influencing factors of farmers' eco-production behavior of technology adoption between small farmers and scale farmers. Thus, the public knowledge and skills training of farmers should be enhanced. In terms of object selection of public training, the type of business entity and the scale of farmers must be considered. On the basis of content, it is necessary not only to strengthen farmers’ scientific and technical application of pesticides and fertilizer technology, but also to popularize the knowledge of negative externalities of excessive application of pesticides and fertilizers.