Abstract: The Han River Basin is an important water-supporting area and ecological barrier region for the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. It is of great significance to study the spatial and temporal variation of its water production service and the influencing factors to achieve high-quality water transfer and ecological environment protection in the Han River Basin. Based on multi-source heterogeneous data derived from Google Earth Engine cloud platform, meteorological and soil information, this study applied the water production module of the InVEST model and scenario analysis method to estimate and elucidate spatial and temporal characteristics of water yield in the Han River Basin from 2001 to 2019. The influence of precipitation change and land use change on water yield in the Han River Basin was explored as well. Firstly, water yield in the Han River Basin first increased and then decreased from 2001 to 2019, and the spatial differentiation characteristic of water yield was basically the same in different periods, showing a spatial divergence of low in the north-central part and high in the southwest and southeast. Water yield mainly increased in the whole basin, with the increase concentrated in the watershed above Danjiangkou and the decrease primarily in the Tangbai River watershed. Secondly, at the sub-basin scale, the watershed above Danjiangkou makes the highest contribution to water yield in the entire basin and is the main water-producing area in the Han River Basin, while the Tangbai River watershed makes the lowest contribution. Thirdly, built-up lands, barren lands and herbaceous vegetation have the highest average water yield; open forests, croplands and dense forests are the major types of land contributing to water production in the Han River Basin, with all three providing 90% of the total water yield. Besides, plains have the highest average water yield, and lower-middle mountainous areas have the lowest. Furthermore, contribution rates of precipitation change and land use change to water yield change from 2001 to 2019 were 94% and 6%, respectively, indicating that precipitation change had a more significant impact on water yield and land use change had a smaller influence. Research results can provide scientific reference for the promotion of conversion of farmland to forest (grass) project and the sustainable development of the ecological environment of water source areas in the Han River Basin.