Abstract: It is significant for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality in 2060 by alleviating the dual pressures of ecological and economic sustainable development in the central and west regions. Therefore, from the perspectives of the industrial development and urbanization, we build a Spatial Lag Model to simulate the spatial relationship between industrial development and carbon emissions, and between urbanization and carbon emissions, using the provincial panel data from 2000 to 2018 in the central and west regions. The results show that: (1) continuously increasing carbon emissions in the central and west regions show obvious spatial differences and spillover effects, with the characteristics of “high-high” (H-H) and “low-low” (L-L) spatial distribution.（2) Industrial development and urbanization affect carbon emission, but the industrial structure upgrading has been growingly homogenized, and urbanization has been homogenous in the central and west regions. (3) Promoting resource allocation (TL) and upgrading industrial structure (TS) are conducive to the mitigation of carbon emissions. Currently, optimizing TL is more effective than upgrading TS in carbon emission reduction; (4) Growing economic urbanization (UI) increases carbon emissions, while increasing population urbanization (UP) reduces carbon emissions. The results suggest that, in order to optimize the industrial development in the central and west regions, local governments should focus on promote the industrial resource allocation at this stage when upgrading the TS. At the same time, the central and local governments should promote the transformation of energy structure, and guide energy consumption of urban and rural residents by advocating green consumption, in order to reduce carbon emissions.