Abstract: Agricultural modernization (AM) is a necessary precondition for the development of agricultural insurance (AI).AI is an important guarantee for AM.The coordinated development of the two is conducive to accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country.On the basis of identifying the mechanism of coupling coordination between AM and AI, a comprehensive evaluation system was constructed.The entropy value method, coupling and coordination model and panel Tobit model were used to measure and analyze the level of coupling coordinated development between AM and AI in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2008 to 2020.This study showed that： (1) From 2008 to 2020, the development level of AM and AI in the YREB showed a fluctuating growth trend and had a large spatial difference.The development level of Shanghai, Hunan and Sichuan was higher than the average level of YREB, while the development level of Guizhou and Chongqing was relatively backward.(2) The coupling and coordinated development level of AM and AI in the YREB changed from on the verge of dislocation to barely coordinated development, showing that AM development was superior to AI development, implying that the high-quality development of AI might become the key direction for the future coordinated development of the two systems in the YREB.(3) The degree of coupling and coordination between AM and AI in the YREB was influenced by the government financial support, technological innovation and Internet development.Based on this, the government should promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture, clarify the functions of agricultural insurance, improve the benign interaction mechanism, and promote the coordinated development of AM and AI quality.