RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN >> 2015, Vol. 24 >> Issue (07): 1207-1213.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201507018

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SPATIAL VARIABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL Cu,Zn AND Pb IN GRADIENT URBAN-TRANSECT

LIU Yun-long1, ZHANG Li-jia1, ZHUANG Teng-fei1, HAN Xiao-fei2, LU Xiao-zhe1   

  1. 1. Geography Department, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;
    2. Minhang Environment Protection Bureau, Shanghai 201100, China
  • Received:2014-08-18 Revised:2014-10-12 Online:2015-07-20

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Abstract: With rapid development of regional socio-economy, the accumulation and pollution of heavy metals in urban soils has become increasingly prominent. The study of distribution and sources of soil heavy metals can provide a theoretical basis to protect the ecological environment and construct suitable living environment. Soil heavy metals concentrations along the typical urban-rural gradient (City Center, Suburbs and Outer Suburbs) in Shanghai were analyzed to investigate the effect of urbanization and industrialization on soil environment quality. Spatial variation structure and distributions of soil heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) in the top soil along the urban-rural gradient were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used to analyze the spatial variation structure and distributions of the 3 heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) in the top soil along the urban-rural gradient. The results showed that the coefficients of variation (CV) for Pb, Cu and Zn ranged between0.24 and 0.62, which demonstrated a moderate variation. The total content of Pb, Cu and Zn showed normal distributions in the Xuhui District, while showed log-normal distributions in the Minhang District. Zn showed normal distribution, while Pb and Cu showed log-normal distribution in the Fengxian District. From City Center to Outer Suburbs, the obvious variation exited in the spatial distribution of Cu, Pb and Zn. The results of semivariance analysis showed that Pb, Cu and Zn can be fitted with the spherical model, the strong spatial correlation for Cu, Zn and obvious spatial correlation for Pb exited in the Xuhui District as a fully urbanized area. Pb were fit with the linear model, Cu were fit with the Gaussian model and Zn were fitted with the exponential model, the strong spatial correlation for Pb, Cu and Zn exited in the Fengxian District with agriculture lands. Pb, Cu and Zn were fitted with the linear model, especially the pure nugget model, the strong randomness and the weak spatial correlation for Pb, Cu and Zn exited in suburbs, the Minhang District. The non-sampled locations were estimated and the spatial distribution maps of heavy metal content of the topsoil were obtained using the Kriging method. The results indicated that the spatial distribution of Pb, Cu and Zn content in City Center, Suburbs and Outer Suburbs were obviously different. The variation of soil Cu, Pb, and Zn were weakened and the structural factors of the spatial distribution were increased from the city center to the outer suburbs. The main influencing factors were urbanization, industrialization and traffic pollution.

Key words: soil heavy metals, geostatistics, spatial variability, urban soil, urbanization

CLC Number: 

  • X35
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