Abstract: Based on MODIS-NDVI and meteorological data, this paper analyzed the vegetation changes and influencing factors of Guizhou Plateau under the background of ecological engineering construction by using trend analysis, partial correlation analysis and residual analysis. Then quantitatively explore the impact of climate factors and human activities on vegetation. The results show that: (1) During 2000-2016, NDVI in Guizhou Plateau shows a spatial distribution pattern of high in the east and low in the west, with high values distributed in the wildlife conservation nature reserve, and low values in wetland protection project areas. The overall NDVI of the study area is on the rise. The wetland protection project area and the returning farmland to forest and grassland project area are rising rapidly, and the wildlife conservation nature reserve is slightly decreasing. (2) The improvement area (83.74%) is distributed in the edge of the study area and the northwest, while the degraded area (16.26%) is distributed in the middle and southeast. Among them, the vegetation improvement of returning farmland to forest and grassland project area is the most obvious, and the wildlife conservation nature reserve and the fast-growing high-yield project area are poor. (3) From the analysis of climate factors, temperature and precipitation are positively correlated with NDVI in general, and temperature has a greater impact on vegetation growth in Guizhou Plateau than precipitation. (4) From the analysis of human activities, human activities have a stronger effect on the construction of vegetation than on destruction. The positive effects of human activities (76.68%) is mainly distributed in the northwest, and the negative effects (23.32%) is concentrated in the southeast. The increase of vegetation is the result of the interaction of climatic factors and human activities. The contribution rate of human activities to vegetation is 75.53%, and the climate factor is 24.47%.