Abstract: Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology can promote the costsaving and efficiency of agricultural, improve the level of farmers’ scientific fertilization, and purify agricultural production environment. However, there are still some problems that make the adoption rate of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology to be further improved, such as farmers’ unclear cognition, unsoundness of the government extension mechanism, imperfect supporting services, etc. In order to more effectively promote the Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology, this study is based on the survey data of 277 farmers in Jiangxi Province, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to quantitatively explore the impact of farmers’ subjective awareness and environmental background on farmers’ willingness to improve the adoption rate of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology. In SEM, latent variables including the farmers’ willingness to adopt, the perceived usefulness, the perceived ease of use, the subjective norms, the convenience conditions, the results display, and household characteristics. The results show that the perceived usefulness, the perceived ease of use, and the subjective norms are the key factors affecting farmers’ willingness to adopt; the degree of influence is ranked as the perceived ease of use (0.431)> the perceived usefulness (0.325)> the subjective norms (0.266); the results display and farmer characteristics have significant positive impact on the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use; the convenience conditions have a significant positive impact on the perceived ease of use.Based on the above research results, we could further promote the Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology from the four aspects of the farmer guidance, the government support, the technological innovation and the evaluation system construction.