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Table of Content
20 May 2008, Volume 17 Issue 3
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  • Contents
    PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION INDEX SYSTEM FOR ECOLOGICAL PORTS
    GE Zhenming, ZHOU Xiao,CHENG Jianmin,CHEN Banglin, WANG Tianhou, WANG Kaiyun,5
    2008, (3):  329. 
    Abstract ( 2464 )   Save
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    Based on the longterm objective of transforming Shanghai to a ecological city brought forward by Shanghai government,considering that ports network is one of the most typical urbanized subsystems in the city, in this research Shanghai Port was taken as a subsystem,and a reasonable evaluation system for ecological ports was established.After the process of consultation and filtration,an evaluation system composed of 45 selfexistent indices,classified into 5 guidelayers (ecological environment,economic profit,pollution control,environment management,social appraisal) and 10 factorlayers (atmospheric/audio environment,biological resources,foundation quality,economic growth,production efficiency,recycling economy,pollutants discharge,clean production,environmental protection investment,public participation) was set up, and the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method was employed to calculate the discrepant weight of each index and layer.According to the annual industrial statistics document of 2005 and the environmentresource investigation in the first half of 2006,a tentative evaluation on 15 ports of 7 goodspecies ports types (container,piece goods,multiused,solid goods,foodstuff,liquid goods,and passenger transport) in Shanghai Port was carried out with the comprehensive evaluation index system.Then,some improvable measurements were suggested,such as the index selection,weight and grade estimation still needing the participation of many kinds of subjects;the government departments should establish information exchange platform with research teams to operate longterm evaluation works.At last,some nonquantificational factors affecting the evaluation on ecological ports such as aquatic ecosystems health,sediment deposition,ecological risk and waterland landscape were put forward.

    STRATEGIES OF TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT CARRYING CAPACITY REGULATION AND CONTROL IN THE PERIOD OF 2010 SHANGHAI EXPO
    LI Tanfeng, CHEN Xiaohong, WU Jiaorong, CHEN Fei
    2008, (3):  336-336. 
    Abstract ( 2582 )   Save
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    Visitors to the 2010 Shanghai Expo will be of large amount and scale, while the road traffic infrastructure and natural environment capacity around the Expo Park is limited. If under the visitors' free traffic choice mode, the artificial transportation environment will be overloaded inevitably, and the natural environment will be polluted seriously. So the traffic environment carrying capacity in the period of Expo must be regulated and controlled according to the situation. Visitors to Expo will be of highintensity and last for a long period. The traditional regulation and control policy, which are characterized by mandatory measures, however, is generally adopted for temporary highintensity visitors, and is not adapted to the EXPO's situation. Based on the regulation and control principles of transferring from separate parts to overall situation, from mandatory method to guiding method, as well as from single variable to double variables, "Guide and Control" mode, which is used to regulate and control traffic environment carrying capacity, is brought out in this paper. The mode gives priority to "guiding", which attracts the visitors to transfer to public transportation by improving public traffic efficiency and compensating for traffic transferring. The mode also takes "controlling" as the assisting way: restricting private vehicles' entry in a certain area around the Expo Park to ensure the assembling and evacuation of visitors, and using clean fuel vehicles to diminish the influence to the natural environment.

    ON THE REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ON THE BASIS OF RELATIVE CARRYING CAPACITY IN JIANGSU PROVINCE
    MEI Yan,LIU Youzhao,LIANG Liutao
    2008, (3):  341-341. 
    Abstract ( 2904 )   Save
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    This paper adopts the calculating methods of relative carrying capacity and takes Jiangsu Province as an example.The relative carrying capacity of land resources,relative laden capacity of economy and synthetic carrying capacity of Jiangsu Province from 1996 to 2005 have been calculated .Based on the evolvement of relative carrying capacity,this paper analyses the problems existing in the sustainable development of Jiangsu Province,and puts forward countermeasures for sustainable development.The synthetic carrying capacity has been at the state of being enough from 1996 to 2005 in Jiangsu Province.At the same time the population in the state of abundance is increasing year after year.In addition,the relative laden capacity of economy has always been at the state of affluence.The relative carrying capacity of land resources has been at the state of being relatively overloading.The contribution of the relative laden capacity of economy to the synthetic carrying capacity in Jiangsu Province is greater than that of the relative carrying capacity of land resources.Furthermore,the relative laden capacity of economy is the principal resource to support the synthetic carrying capacity.The synthetic carrying capacity is very different in the three regions of Jiangsu Province.The southern part of Jiangsu is at the state of exceeding abundance and the central region is in the state of slightly high abundance while the northern part of Jiangsu is in the state of being relative overloading.The noncoordination between the relative carrying capacity of land resources and the relative laden capacity of economy is a significant problem to be solved in the strategy of sustainable development in Jiangsu Province.Promoting economic development,using resources reasonably,coordinating regional development are of key importance to realize the sustainable development of the province.

    AN IMPROVED OPTIMAL COMBINATIVE MODEL FOR POPULATION FORECAST AND ITS APPLICATION IN LAND USE PLANNING
    YANG Song, ZENG Yongnian, WU Guiping, QI Qingchao, YANG Kai
    2008, (3):  346-346. 
    Abstract ( 2441 )   Save
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    Population forecasting is an essential work in making land use planning.The development scale and quantity of regional population are the basis for the confirmation of controlling indexes of land use and adjustment of land use structure in the overall land use planing.Therefore,scientifically and accurately predicting future population is important in making regional landuse planning.Based on analyzing several current models of population forecasting,this paper promotes an improved optimal combinative model.Taking an example of population forecast in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie City in Hunan Province,the gross population in this region was forecasted using the improved optimal combinative model.Compared with the linear regression analysis model,Grey Model GM (1,1),logistic model,and optimal combinative model,the improved optimal combinative model is much more accurate,reliable and effective for policy makers in land management.It is considered that the improved optimal combinative model is a better one for forecasting population in regional landuse planning.

    ON STRUCTURE, DIVERSITY AND PROTECTIVE STRATEGIES OF BIRD COMMUNITY IN WEST DONGTING LAKE WETLAND OF HUNAN PROVINCE
    ZHONG Fusheng, DENG Xuejian, YAN Hengmei,WANG Yanxin,PENG Boyong, PENG Pingbo
    2008, (3):  351-351. 
    Abstract ( 2206 )   Save
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    In order to study on bird community of West Dongting Lake Reserve in Hunan Province,the fixed samplestrip and samplespot methods were adopted.It was showed that there were 217 species belonging to 117 genera,46 families,16 orders of birds in West Dongting Lake Reserve,of which there were 113 species of winter migrant (5207% of the total),1 species of passing migrant (046% of the total),60 species of resident birds (2765% of the total),and 43 species of summer migrant (1982% of the total).Among them 102 species (4700%) belonged to palaearctic species,67 species (3088%) belonged to oriental species and 48 species (2212%) were widespread.Among these 217 species 4 species are the first class protected birds and 29 species are the secondclass protected birds in China.The indexes of diversity and equality in West Dongting Lake Reserve were 4.886 5 and 0.594 9,respectively.Besides,in this paper,the abundance,significance and scarcity of birds were also analyzed,and the corresponding countermeasures in the process of exploitation and construction were pointed out.

    ON URBAN LANDUSE EXPLOITATION STATAGEM BASED ON FLEXIBLE THEORY
    YANG Lin,HE Fang,CHEN Tianmin
    2008, (3):  360-360. 
    Abstract ( 2364 )   Save
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    With the perfecting of market mechanism,urban landuse needs more flexibility on strategic orientation in order to adapt to the development of the market.Based on flexibility theory and the cognition of the conditions of urban landuse exploitation,the demands of land exploitation were forecasted flexibly.The upper and lower limits of the flexible demand of land use were calculated and the flexible range was determined according to the ultimate population.Then the aim of land exploitation strategy adapting to the demand of social and economic development was put forward and proper approaches to realize the aim were also discussed.The strategy of urban land exploitation was analyzed deeply from three aspects—the determination of the goal of urban landuse exploitation strategy, the orientation of the development of urban land use and the selection of urban landuse modes.The strategic goal of urban landuse exploitation was constituted through the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and from multisubject and multiangle views.At last, taking Baoshan District of Shanghai City as a case,the study of urban landuse exploitation based on flexibility theory was demonstrated.

    ON LAND GENERAL QUALITY EVATUATION IN RAPID URBANIZATION REGION
    YE Hao,PU Lijie, ZHANG Jian,TU Xiaosong
    2008, (3):  366-366. 
    Abstract ( 2345 )   Save
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    In rapid urbanization region, land use question is noticeable. Analyzing the characteristics of land quality in hot spot region is of significance to land management, planning and other practices. The conception of land general quality was put forward in this paper. Then taking account of natural resource features, economic benefit, ecological environment and society equitableness, the general land quality of Suzhou City was evaluated. The results indicated that comparing with Suzhou's economic state, the city's land use efficiency has a large space to be improved and its ecological environment quality index is rather low and has a worsening tendency, which should be paid on enough attention. The problem of social equitableness of land use is striking in Suzhou City. It is an important issue to adjust the conflicts between land use and society justice in the process of rapid urbanization.

    ON THE REMOTE SENSING CLASSIFICATION METHOD OF DONGTING LAKE WETLAND BASED ON KNOWLEDGE
    WANG Hongjuan, JIANG Jiahu,HUANG Qun
    2008, (3):  370-370. 
    Abstract ( 2224 )   Save
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    Remote sensing data based land cover classification in wetland areas is a difficult problem in the research area of remote sensing.In this paper,the rule of hyperspectral curves of different types of wetland in Dongtinghu Lake were analyzed,a model of decision tree for the final classification was constructed by the Erdas Image expert classification,and vegetation classification supported by GIS data and phonological information was made by using 2seasonal ETM data of Dongtinghu Lake wetland.By the use of expert classification system provided by Erdas Image software,the image was classified into water area,mudflat,protection forest beach,〖WTBX〗Carem spp〖WTBZ〗 beach,〖WTBX〗Phragmites〖WTBZ〗 beach,〖WTBX〗Carex〖WTBZ〗 beach and other water body according to layered algorithm.The expert classification based on rules can extract wetland types at one time using multiconditions,save the time of data processing and improve the precision of classification compared with other ways.The final classification result by the proposed method is reliable.

    ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE OF THE WATERLEVELFLUCTUATING ZONE IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR
    ZHANG Hong
    2008, (3):  374-374. 
    Abstract ( 2215 )   Save
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    After the Three Gorges Project is completed, a 30meterhigh waterlevelfluctuating zone (WLFZ) will appear along both banks. The area of the WLFZ is about 300 km2. The WLFZ is facing with a series of environmental issues, such as the expanding of polluted zone ashore, the serious loss of water and erosion of soil, the decrease of biodiversity and the degradation of function of the ecosystem. Rationally dividing the land in WLFZ will not only alleviate the contradiction between man and land, but also is very useful to improve the condition of ecological environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir. This paper, according to the program of water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing, explores the characteristics of WLFZ according to human environment, climate conditions, water depth, landform, and the soil textures of the land based on GIS and RS, and analyzes anthropogenic influence on WLFZ and the ecological environmental problems of the zone. The result of the analysis on WLFZ in the Three Gorges Reservoir provides theoretic basis and scientific methods for the rational development, utilization and management of the zone for the local government and administration sections.

    ARTIFICIALLY SIMULATED COUPLING CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT SEDIMENT NUTRIENT WITH SEDIMENT LOSSES IN SLOPELAND OF PURPLE SOIL,CHINA
    LUO Zhuanxi, ZHU Bo,WANG Tao,TANG Jialiang,WANG Dong,XIN Wei
    2008, (3):  379-379. 
    Abstract ( 2542 )   Save
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    This paper revealed clearly the different coupling characteristics of sediment nitrogen and phosphorus with sediment losses in slopeland of purple soil,and also the influence of rainfall intensity (RI) and slope on the characteristics with simulated rainfall method.It is found that sediment nitrogen losses decreased with the increase of slope and RI,but sediment phosphorus losses were lightly influenced by both RI and slope.Correlation analysis demonstrated that with the increase of sediment losses,sediment nitrogen losses decreased,but sediment phosphorus losses increased.Both sediment nitrogen and sediment temporally showed peak values,while sediment phosphorus did not.The accumulated amount of sediment nutrient losses increased with the increase of the accumulated amount of sediment losses,but sediment phosphorus loss was obviously higher than sediment nitrogen loss.In addition,there were differences in sediment nutrient enrichment ratios (Er),that is,the higher the amount of sediment losses,the lower sediment nitrogen Er,and the higher sediment phosphorus Er.Further,since sediment phosphorus Er was higher than sediment nitrogen Er,sediment phosphorus was more coupling stable than sediment nitrogen,so as more likely to exhibit latent effect of its influence on the water environment of the downsream

    FFECT OF DIFFERENT LAND USE MODES ON SOIL ENVIRONMENT IN KARST ROCKY DESERTIFICATION ZONE, MIDDLE GUIZHOU PROVINCE OF CHINA
    LI Sheng,ZHANG Shougong,YAO Xiaohua,REN Huadong
    2008, (3):  384-384. 
    Abstract ( 2934 )   Save
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    By investigating the soil physical and chemical properties and soil banks of three different applied soils (Ⅰclosing hill for regeneration,Ⅱretired farmland for forest land,Ⅲfarmland) in karst rock desertification zone in Puding City of Guizhou Province of China,it was found that soil physical and chemical properties,soil banks of different applied soils were distinctly different.Soil bulk density and capillary porosity dropped with the increase of disturbance(Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅲ).The total soil porosity and noncapillary porosity increased with disturbance(Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ).The changes of soil bulk density were slight,the soil textures were similar in each type.The organic matter content of Ⅱ was lower compared to Ⅲ andⅠ.The change of type Ⅰ was due to the formation of forest environment.Organic matter content,total N, total P,dissoluble N dropped with the increase of soil depth.The disturbance reduced the change of soil chemical properties.There are slight differences in soil bank species under different land use modes and quantities of seeds,species decreased with the increase of depth.Seeds mostly lay in 0~5 cm soil,and the difference of seed number was significant (〖WTBX〗p〖WTBZ〗=0.021 897),whereas the difference of species was not (〖WTBX〗p〖WTBZ〗=0097 628).Disturbance of soil could accelerate the distribution of seeds to deeper soils,and retired farmland for forest land would benefit soil quality recovery.

    SOIL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY EVALUATION FOR FARMLAND BASED ON THE SET PAIR ANALYSIS
    NIE Yan, ZHOU Yong, LEI Wenhua, HUANG Jianwu
    2008, (3):  396-396. 
    Abstract ( 1974 )   Save
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    Set pair analysis is a new method applied to uncertain problems after 1990s.Relational degree has obvious dialectics and integrity in this theory.Soil environmental quality is affected by several factors,and has an uncertainty characteristic.Using the method of single pollution index and set pair analysis,a simple and useful assessment method to measure soil environmental quality was found in this paper .Results indicated that the pollution of Cd is the most serious,about eight plots were slightly polluted by Cd.Cd pollution is mostly caused by superphosphate use,gas combustion and tyre abrasion,et al.The pollution of elements followed by the order Cd>As>Cu>Zn>DDT>Hg>Cr>Pb>HCH.DDT was the main pollutant of organic pesticides with the value reaching 019 mg/kg.There were about 1255% of the study farmland being at the state of slight pollution,and 8745% of the farmland were safe.The comprehensive assessment showed that the soil environmental quality of farmland in Jianghan Plain is generally at the safe level for developing modern agriculture.The set pair analysis method has provided a new approach and typical example for soil environmental quality evaluation for farmland.

    SURROUNDING AREAS AND SPACE LIMITS OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
    WU Chengji,HU Weixia,
    2008, (3):  401-401. 
    Abstract ( 1671 )   Save
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    With the rapid development of tourist industry and city modernization, there are a lot of problems appearing in surrounding areas of tourist attractions.These problems produce a great impact to sustainable development of the tourism.At the same time,the tourists' demand of the attractions has also changed,their requirements and standard for surrounding areas of attractions are increasing,and their interests of tourists are not just limited to attractions themselves.This paper proposed the concept of tourist attraction,in which closelyrelated surrounding areas should also be considered as a part of tourist attraction.The protection and renovation of surrounding areas should then be included in comprehensive tourism planning.On the basis of characteristics in expanded surrounding areas,these areas are classified into several different styles;meanwhile,as a result of the practical needs of tourism planning and environment evaluation,a definite space range has been proposed for these areas,with the establishment of a method to draw boundary line of surrounding areas of a tourist attraction.〖

    ADVANCE OF WATER RESOURCES CONFLICT ANALYSIS
    ZHAO Wei, HUANG Jiesheng, LI Na
    2008, (3):  406-406. 
    Abstract ( 2591 )   Save
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    Water resources conflicts are generally resolved through negotiation,while conflict analysis is one of useful methods from the viewpoint of strategy.In conflict analysis,players′ alternatives and preferences are taken into consideration,and preference vectors are arranged by the strength,altitude and objective of players.Then,equilibrium can be obtained after stability analysis of reachable states.In this paper,the evolution of conflict analysis,from normal game theory to FH analysis,was introduced,with basic concepts and main factors of the mathematical model described.Besides,the development,application and modeling of conflict analysis all over the world were generalized and the research advancement of the method in China was also concluded.Due to its function in the field of decisionmaking on water resources,it is suggested that analysis module should be improved and the players′ rationality should be put on more emphasis.Moreover,it was proposed that a combination view of conflictcooperation will be accepted by decisionmakers during conflict resolution with FH analysis.〖

    A NEW WAY IN ALLEVIATING WATER SHORTAGE IN NORTHWEST AREA
    CHEN Jing,GUI Faliang,FU Chun
    2008, (3):  410-410. 
    Abstract ( 2311 )   Save
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    In this paper,the virtual water contents were calculated in northeast and middle areas of China according to visual water and water footprint calculation methodologies.Firstly,virtual water contents were calculated for primary farm products and for virtual water consumption of residents in Jiangxi Province in 2000.The virtual water contents of crops was 28481×108 m3,and the virtual water consumption of rural residents 67017 m3.Then,based on the predecessors' study results,the difference of virtual water consumption of residents between Jiangxi Province and Shanxi Province was analyzed.The results showed that the virtual water consumption of urban residents per capita is lower than that of rural residents,and residents' per capita food exertion virtual water shared in virtual water consumption in Shanxi Province is higher than that in Jiangxi.Further study in the consumption structure showed that we can adjust the pattern of regional production structure and the consumption structure and increase visual water trading,in order to alleviate the contradictory of social economical development and water resource shortage,and to improve the mechanization in rural production is the key task in adjusting the pattern of consumption.〖

    ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL WATERSALT CHANGES IN DIFFERENT HYDROLOGICAL YEARS IN YANGTZE RIVER ESTUARY DURING THE TRANSITIONPERIOD OF IMPOUNDING OF THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR
    YU Shipeng, YANG Jinsong, LIU Guangming, LI Dongshun
    2008, (3):  414-414. 
    Abstract ( 2441 )   Save
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    By disposing surveying nets of soil watersalt dynamics in Yangtze River Estuary and observing,collecting and statistically analyzing the data of soil watersalt dynamics,the characteristics of soil watersalt changes in different hydrological years and the relationships among dynamic factors of soil watersalt are studied.The results showed that the soil watersalt dynamics in different hydrological years in the eatuary changed seasonally that soil salinization is serious in spring and autumn,but more serious in summer in dry years,and there is good correlation among dynamic factors of soil watersalt.Aiming at the problem that how the impounding of the Three Gorges Reservoir influences upon the regime of river water and soil watersalt dynamics in the estuary,the practical changes of soil watersalt characteristics during the transitionperiod of impounding of the Three Gorges Reservoir after Jun.2003 and the causes were analyzed.The results showed that the influences of the impounding to soil watersalt dynamics in the estuary did not occurr in the three years after impounding of the Three Gorges Reservoir,climate played a leading factor on the soil watersalt dynamics in the estuary.The river level in the estuary fell 20 centimeters in average,the saline water intrusion in the estuary intensified,and the soil and groundwater salinization in rainy seasons in the estuary were serious which endangered the crops growth and production.So some irrigation and cultivation measures are suggested to control the disadvantages at the lowest level.

    OBJECTORIENTED IMAGE ANALYSIS METHOD FOR ESTUARINE TIDAL FLAT ACCRETION AND EROSION STUDY
    TIAN Bo,ZHOU Yunxuan, ZHENG Zongsheng,LIU Zhiguo,LI Guidong,ZHANG Jie
    2008, (3):  419-419. 
    Abstract ( 1971 )   Save
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    The shorelines of tidal flat in an estuary,located in the intersection zone of river and sea and influenced by runoff water together with sediments from upstream,wave and current,tidal dynamics and human activities,vary continuously in time and space.In overcoming some shortcomings existing in visual interpretation of shoreline from remote sensing images,this article elaborates an objectoriented shoreline automatic extraction method.Taking east tidal flat region of Chongming Island (Dongtan) as an experimental area,four scenes of TM/ETM+ images acquired respectively on Dec 4 1990,April 4 1995,June 14 2000 and Nov 27 2005 covering Chongmin Dongtan are processed based on the objectoriented method.The shorelines and polygons representing the tidal flat above shorelines are extracted for each year.The overlay analysis is applied to observe the spatial variation of erosion and accretion of Chongming Dongtan from 1990 to 2005.The application results prove that the objectoriented remote sensing image recognition method for shorelines and tidal flat erosion and accretion analysis is quick,easy to use and effective.

    PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN SURFACE SEDIMENT OF YUEHU LAKE AND LIANHUAHU LAKE,WUHAN|CHINA
    SONG Huiting, WU Zhenbin, HE Feng,CHENG Shuiping,LIANG Wei, ZHANG Liping
    2008, (3):  424-424. 
    Abstract ( 2401 )   Save
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    The persistent organic pollutants of 4 surface sediment samples from Yuehu Lake and Lianhuahu Lake,Wuhan City,China, were analyzed by GCMS.From the sediment samples of Yuehu Lake 124 kinds of organic compounds were detected,among which 19 kinds of chemicals belonged to priority pollutants or endocrine disruptors. While 186 kinds of organic compounds were detected in the sediment samples of Lianhuahu Lake,and 34 kinds belonged to priority pollutants or endocrine disruptors.The majority of the pollutants are phthalic acid,esters,phenol,benzene and its derivatives.The concentration of the pollutants in both of two lakes was L1>L2>Y2>Y1 and the organic contamination levels in Lianhuahu Lake were higher than those in Yuehu Lake.The phthalic acid were on the highest level in all observed samples,reaching 96~98 percent of all pollutants.Bis(2ehtylhexyl)phthalate and dinbutyl phthalate were the predominant components of the analyzed pollutants with the mean of 17 599.03 ng/g dry weight.and 2 515.76 ng/g dry weight,respectively.

    PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN SURFACE SEDIMENT OF YUEHU LAKE AND LIANHUAHU LAKE,WUHAN|CHINA
    SONG Huiting, WU Zhenbin, HE Feng,CHENG Shuiping,LIANG Wei, ZHANG Liping
    2008, (3):  431-431. 
    Abstract ( 2113 )   Save
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    The persistent organic pollutants of 4 surface sediment samples from Yuehu Lake and Lianhuahu Lake,Wuhan City,China, were analyzed by GCMS.From the sediment samples of Yuehu Lake 124 kinds of organic compounds were detected,among which 19 kinds of chemicals belonged to priority pollutants or endocrine disruptors. While 186 kinds of organic compounds were detected in the sediment samples of Lianhuahu Lake,and 34 kinds belonged to priority pollutants or endocrine disruptors.The majority of the pollutants are phthalic acid,esters,phenol,benzene and its derivatives.The concentration of the pollutants in both of two lakes was L1>L2>Y2>Y1 and the organic contamination levels in Lianhuahu Lake were higher than those in Yuehu Lake.The phthalic acid were on the highest level in all observed samples,reaching 96~98 percent of all pollutants.Bis(2ehtylhexyl)phthalate and dinbutyl phthalate were the predominant components of the analyzed pollutants with the mean of 17 599.03 ng/g dry weight.and 2 515.76 ng/g dry weight,respectively.

    ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN DOMINANT PLANTS GROWING ON TONGLUSHAN MINERAL AREAS IN HUBEI PROVINCE, CHINA
    HU Xueyu, SUN Hongfa, CHEN Delin
    2008, (3):  436-436. 
    Abstract ( 2334 )   Save
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    Tonglushan Mine, located in the Southeastern part of Hubei Province,China, is one of the six copper mines in China and has more than 3 000 years history in mining.A lot of higher plants are growing on an ancient copper spoil heap (3 000 years old) on Tonglushan.Some of the plants are superior in number.Significant correlation may exist between the amount of heavy metals in these dominant plants and that in related soil. In order to provide scientific basis for the vegetation restoration of deteriorative ecosystem in mining districts and phytoremediation of soil polluted by heavy metals,the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in some dominant plants growing on Tonglushan mineral area were investigated via field survey and sample analysis.Five dominant species including 〖WTBX〗Commelina communis,Elsholtzia haichowensis,Silene fortunei,Polygonum perfoliatum〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗Kummerowia striata〖WTBZ〗 were found to have high concentration of total Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr.In particular,Cu had a high concentration in the root of 〖WTBX〗Elsholtzia haichowensis〖WTBZ〗,being at 84465 mg/kg,which is 338~1689 times higher than the general content in plants (5~25 mg/kg).But the concentration of total As in these species was 018~098 mg/kg,lower than the average in general plants.It can be deduced that these species have a kind of mechanism to evade assimilating As from soil.It is indicated that 〖WTBX〗C.commelis,E.haichowensis,S.fortunei,P.perfoliatum〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗K.striata〖WTBZ〗 were not the hyperaccumulator for heavy metals Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr and As,but they were highheavy metalstolerant species.Moreover, these species will play an important role in vegetation restoration of abandoned mine sites.

    CONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT DYNAMIC PREDICTION MODEL
    LUO Luqin, ZHOU Jingxuan, LI Xiangmei
    2008, (3):  440-440. 
    Abstract ( 2584 )   Save
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    Dynamic prediction research on ecological footprint(EF) provides the making of strategy and policies for regional sustainable development with scientific and theoretical basis.However,it is still at an exploratory stage.In this paper,taking Wuhan City as an example,based on calculation of the long time series of EF from 1978 to 2004,an indicator system of socioeconomic system was established and a EF dynamic prediction model was built by using the partial least square regression(PLS).The mechanism that each indicator influences the EF was analysed by using the 〖WTBX〗VIP〖WTBZ〗 value.Results demonstrated that the EF of Wuhan City in the “11th FiveYear” plan period showed an upward trend,while the EF per capita would be 2.810 5 hm2 at the end of “11th FiveYear” plan period,higher than the global ecological threshold ( the EF per capita is 2.200 0 hm2).According to the 〖WTBX〗VIP〖WTBZ〗 value,the population,energy consumption and the tertiary industry were the most important factors.Recommendations on how to achieve the targets of “11th FiveYear” Plan in Wuhan City were proposed.It was showed that bringing scientific progress contribution and energy consumption into the indicator system would make up for the disavantage of EF concept that ignors the social,economic,technological factors in quantitative measurement.What′s more,it was more accurate and precise to evaluate the influence of each indicator on the EF change by using the 〖WTBX〗VIP〖WTBZ〗 value.The research made further perfection and improvement on the EF dynamic prediction.〖

    ON THE ECOLOGICAL REGIONALIZATION BASED ON THE ISODATA METHOD IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA
    ZHOU Jinxing, WEI Yuan, QI Lianghua, ZHANG Xudong
    2008, (3):  446-446. 
    Abstract ( 2327 )   Save
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    As a significant symbol of regional ecological environment health, ecological security is an important component of social stability and national security. In this paper, a new index system was established for ecological security construction in the Three Gorges Reservoir area according to the local natural and economic conditions, and the principles, indices and methods for ecological security regionalization were discussed based on ecological theory. The whole Three Gorges Reservoir area was then divided into 4 regions with different degrees of ecological security, using fuzzy cluster analysis of ISODATA and the tools for analytic hierarchy process of SPSS. The characteristics of the 4 regions were analyzed, and the distribution map of them was drawn using ArcGIS. It is showed that there were about 2 852 thousand people, accounting for 17% of the total population of the area, living in regions with better situation of ecological security, occupying 15% of the total reservoir area; whereas, 57 percent of the total population living in regions of type III and IV with fragile environment, accounting for 55% of the total area. Soil erosion rates in these regions exceeded 4 600 t/km2〖DK1〗·a.Therefore, the situation of ecological security in the Three Gorges Reservoir area was serious. The results can be of reference significance for ecological security evaluation and the construction of ecological security in the reservoir area. It was also proposed that comprehensive management of hilly areas, controlling soil erosion and decreasing pollution are key points to improve the ecological situation of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

    ON RESERVOIR ECOLOGICAL OPERATION MODEL
    AI Xueshan,FAN Wentao
    2008, (3):  451-451. 
    Abstract ( 2354 )   Save
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    With largescale valley exploitation,the construction of a great number of reservoirs has exerted influence on the river ecosystem.How to mitigate the influence on river ecosystem by reservoir operation is a hot issue in the research of reservoir operation.Because the current reservoir operation emphasize the economic benefits but ignore ecology and environment,the ecology and environment,both in the reservoir and in the downstream,have been degraded.In the present paper, the concept and the tasks of reservoirs ecological operation from the view of natural resource sustainable development were discussed,and multiobjective ecological operation model of reservoir was built,which take the maximum benefit of the integrated system as the objective function,including the benefit of economics,societies and ecological environment.The model is well elaborated by taking various constraint conditions with the demand of comprehensive utilization,including irrigation,generation of electricity,transportation,tour,desalting discharge in estuary and emergency water use etc.The paper gives a method of feasible search discrete differential dynamic programming (FSDDDP method) for this model,which is valid to solve this type of model with complex constraint conditions.The case study showed that both the model and the method had reality and practicability.〖

    ON LAND USE/COVER CHANGE AND LANDSCAPE PATTERN IN DANJIANGKOU RESERVOIR AREA
    LIU Jinghui, YANG Kun,ZHANG Li
    2008, (3):  456-456. 
    Abstract ( 2474 )   Save
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    Danjiangkou Reservoir is the water source of the middle route of “south to north water transfer project”,so land use/cover change of the reservoir area may result in ecological and environment problems which have attracted great attention.Based on the 2000 and 2004 multisource remote sensing image, the land use/cover classification is built by interpretating the data.Then the overall characteristics of land use/cover change and the variation speed,the change of the index of landscape dominance and landscape effects were also analyzed in the study area.It is showed that the area of farmland and land for building increased,the forest land and the unused land reduced;the landscape heterogeneity declined,and the landscape types showed a trend towards a singlebalanced direction.The decrease of the forest land deteriorated soil erosion,so that the ecological environment of the reservoir area is worse and some steps should be taken to promote the harmonious development between the economy and the environment.

    LAND USE/COVER CHANGE IN MABIAN YI AUTONOMOUS COUNTY|SICHUAN PROVINCE
    DUAN Feizhou, LIU Xuehua
    2008, (3):  461-461. 
    Abstract ( 3101 )   Save
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    Based on Landsat5 TM imagines and GIS,the land use/cover change (LUCC) of Mabian Yi autonomous county from 1988 to 2001 were analyzed quantitatively with land use dynamic index (LUDI),land use dynamic model (〖WTBX〗Ki〖WTBZ〗) and land use transfer matrix (〖WTBX〗Cx×y〖WTBZ〗).Moreover,the ecological impacts of LUCC were analyzed and discussed.The area and percentage of secondary forest increased.Oppositely,the area of coniferous forests decreased.In low hill regions,bush slope land was replaced by agricultural lands.The dynamics of town and inhabitant,secondary forest were more dynamic;the areas transferring into these two types were more than that transferred out from them.The land cover pattern changed clearly.The vegetation composing in middlehigh mountains regions changed and the area of mountain meadow shrank.In low hills and valley regions,land cover pattern of agricultural land and bush land became more fragmental.The results illuminated that the LUCC and the land cover pattern of Mabian have dynamic characters,being transferried actively,with strong spatial and intensive impact of human beings.Moreover,the increase in area of secondary forest and the replacing of bush land by agricultural land should be concerned as signals of ecological degradation.Meanwhile,it is also indicated that the possible impact of climate changes on forest succession should be monitored in future.〖

    ECOLOGICAL STUDY ON SEVERAL MANMADE FORESTS OF INTRODUCED SPECIES IN JINSHAJIANG DRYHOT VALLEY
    LIU Fangyan,LI Kun, MA Jiangming,
    2008, (3):  468-468. 
    Abstract ( 2353 )   Save
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    By means of the standardtimber and the harvesting methods,biomass of the vegetation in different layers of some manmade forests of introduced species including 〖WTBX〗Ecucalyptus camaldulensisLeucaena leucocephala〖WTBZ〗 mixed forest,〖WTBX〗Ecucalyptus camaldulensis〖WTBZ〗 pure forest,〖WTBX〗Leucaena leucocephala〖WTBZ〗 pure forest,〖WTBX〗Azadirachta indica〖WTBZ〗 pure forest and natural secondary forest in the dryhot valley of Jinshajiang River,Yuanmou County,was comparatively studied.Species composition and plant diversity between manmade forests of introduced species and natural secondary forest have been compared too.The results showed that: (1)Manmade forests of introduced species in comparison with the natural secondary forest have larger biomass,and general biomass in different forests revealed 〖WTBX〗Ecucalyptus camaldulensisLeucaena leucocephala〖WTBZ〗 mixed forest(4491 t/hm2)>〖WTBX〗Leucaena leucocephala〖WTBZ〗 pure forest(3991 t/hm2)>〖WTBX〗Ecucalyptus camaldulensis〖WTBZ〗 pure forest(3857 t/hm2)>〖WTBX〗Azadirachta indica〖WTBZ〗 pure forest(1306 t/hm2)>natural secondary forest(935 t/hm2).Biomass in tree layers took up the most large parts of the manmade forests,and in natural secondary forest,shrub layer,herbaceous layer and litter layer were the main parts.(2)The number of species in manmade forest was fewer than in natural secondary forest,and it was different in the number of species and species composition in manmade forests.(3)The Shannonwiener diversity indexes and Margalef evenness indexes in forests showed 〖WTBX〗Azadirachta indica〖WTBZ〗 pure forest>natural secondary forest>〖WTBX〗Ecucalyptus camaldulensis〖WTBZ〗 pure forest>〖WTBX〗camaldulensisLeucaena leucocephala〖WTBZ〗 mixed forest>Leucaena leucocephala pure forest.There was no significant difference in Alatato evenness indexes among manmade forests, but it was different between manmade forests and natural secondary forest.〖

    INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT IN DIFFERENT BUILDING PERIODS IN UPPER MINJIANG RIVER
    WANG Hongmei, PENG Lin
    2008, (3):  475-475. 
    Abstract ( 3028 )   Save
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    Hydroelectricity,being developed at high speed in China recently,has caused many integrated,complex and variable problems,which have attracted great attentions of many researchers.As the problems resulted from hydrostations building are integrated,complex and variable,analyzing all these problms in a dynamic and integrated way will be helpful for the comprehensive management of hydroelearicity development and combined ecosystem of the basin.Taking upper Minjiang River as an example,and based on aquatic ecosystem services,different kinds of ecological,environmental,societal and economic problems were analyzed according to the three hydro electric station building periods:before building,on building and after building periods.The conclusion is that the building of hydrostation will change not only the amount and or of river ecosystem services ,but also the accepter of these services.And further more,enormous benefits gained from hydroelectricity is at the price of the decrease even the vanishment of some ecosystem sersvices and the resulted complex social and economic problems.At last,based on the analysis,some suggestions were provided from views of government,enterprise and researcher.〖

    MAGNETIC FABRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AEOLIAN SANDDUNE AND ITS PALEOCLIMATIC AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE IN MIDDLE REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER
    ZHANG Yufen,LI Changan,CHEN Liang,KANG Chunguo,HU Sihui,HUO Ju
    2008, (3):  480-480. 
    Abstract ( 2534 )   Save
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    In order to establish the magnetic fabric identification marks of aeolian sands in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and discuss the relationship between the magnetic fabric parameters,paleoclimate and paleoenvironment,the authors carried out the field investigations and found Xingang sanddune section in Jiujiang City,Jiangxi Province,then collected and measured the magnetic susceptibility oriented samples of the section.The results indicate that (1)The magnetic fabric parameter values of the aeolian sands and clayey layer in the Xingang aeolian sands section are quite different.The magnetic susceptibility 〖WTBX〗(κ)〖WTBZ〗 of clayey layer in this section is at peak and its average is 14327(10-6 SI),while the anisotropy degree of susceptibility 〖WTBX〗(P)〖WTBZ〗 is in valley.However,aeolian sands are contrary to the clayey layer.〖WTBX〗κ〖WTBZ〗 value is in valley and its average is 21.81(10-6 SI) while 〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗 value is at peak as a whole but with quite large fluctuations.(2)The magnetic foliation〖WTBX〗(F)〖WTBZ〗 of most clayey layer samples are bigger than the magnetic lineation 〖WTBX〗(L)〖WTBZ〗 while only some 〖WTBX〗F〖WTBZ〗 of samples in aeolian sands are bigger than 〖WTBX〗L〖WTBZ〗,which indicates that the magnetic foliation development degree of clayey layer is better than the aeolian sands′.(3) Compared to the fluvial and lake sediments (the inclination of long axis of river sediments is generally smaller than 10°,the inclination of short axis is larger than 80°),the inclination of long axis of aeolian sands′ magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid in Xingang section is larger (22°~24°) and the short axis′s is smaller (45°~51°).(4)The average value (0668 8) of aeolian sands′ magnetic matrix particle size 〖WTBX〗(q)〖WTBZ〗 is bigger than the 〖WTBX〗q〖WTBZ〗 value (024) of the fluvial sediments in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,which reveals that the sorting of aeolian sands is worse than fluvial sediments.These characteristics can act as the magnetic fabric identification marks of alluvial and aeolian deposits in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.(5)There are 9 clayey layers that have different development degree in the 3.25~26.2 m strata section,which points out that the climate in this period not only transferred 9 times from drycold to warmwet but also had different intensities.〖

    ON THE MAIN INFLUENCING FACTORS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
    YIN Huihui,ZHAO Lei,KONG Weiwei,LU Genfa
    2008, (3):  485-485. 
    Abstract ( 1954 )   Save
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    Public participation is the base of environmental protection, which can fill up gaps left by government and market, and can also reduce the expense on agricultural environment management. Dapu town, located in the Taihu Lake Valley, is facing the serious problem of nonpoint pollution, and its level of public participation in environment protection is rather low. To find out the main influential factors of public participation in agricultural environment protection, taking Dapu town as a case study, 550 people in the town were inquired by questionnaires about their environmental awareness and participation. 8 items were designed in the questionary which concluded 24 questions. Then the data collected by the questionnaires were studied with multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that the level of environmental knowledge, attention of environment, education, awareness of law and feeling of pollution are the most significant influential factors of public participation in agricultural environment protection. Finally, the paper suggested that the level of environment knowledge should be raised, attention of environment more paid, awareness of law and feeling of pollution strengthened to improve the public participation in Dapu town.

    ON THE MODEL OF EVALUATING FLOOD DISASTER LOSS BASED ON SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
    LIU Dedi, CHEN Xiaohong
    2008, (3):  490-490. 
    Abstract ( 2190 )   Save
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    Based on the principle of support vector machine (SVM) and twoclass or multiclass classifier,a model of evaluating flood disaster loss was established in consideration of the character of many factors which are related to the evaluation and the small samples in practice,and some problems which are difficult or impossible to be resolved in present model, such as overfitting,the local minimization and so on.The model was tested in a case which represented real flood disasters happened in some areas in China from 1989 to 1990.It is proved that the model is as useful as the model of artificial neural network (ANN) and other traditional methods,the time for calculating this model is much less than normal models.So the model established in this paper will be much more applicable in the future in the evaluation of flood disaster loss because of minimization of structure risks and its advantage in solving limited sample, nonliner and high dimensions recognization. 〖
    METHOD TO DIVIDE FLOOD SEASON BASED ON THE FUZZY SET ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION
    FENG Ping,XU Xiangguang, LI Hai
    2008, (3):  495-495. 
    Abstract ( 1709 )   Save
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    Based on theory and general application method of fuzzy set analysis, fuzziness,randomness,processiveness of hydrology phenomenon and responding character of rainfall and runoff in flood seasons were considered in order to establish a serious of new accumulative rainfalls according to positive accumulative rainfall series and negative accumulative rainfall series.The series was used in stage division of flood season.This paper proposed the concept of highest thresholds of in and out flood season (ASMAX) to eliminate the impact of different thresholds.The concept and method were applied to clarify the stage of flood season in Yuqiao Reservoir watershed.It is identified that the flood season of this watershed should be between June 11 and September 18 and main flood period between July 21 and August 4.This conclusion is in accordance with statistic regulation of “July bottom and August top”,which means that the main flood season of Haihe watershed is between the last ten days of September and the first ten days of August.Accumulative rainfall series uncover processing character of flood season to certain extent, so it is suitable in stage division of flood season.〖
    METHOD TO DIVIDE FLOOD SEASON BASED ON THE FUZZY SET ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION
    FENG Ping,XU Xiangguang, LI Hai
    2008, (3):  495-495. 
    Abstract ( 1751 )   Save
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    Based on theory and general application method of fuzzy set analysis, fuzziness,randomness,processiveness of hydrology phenomenon and responding character of rainfall and runoff in flood seasons were considered in order to establish a serious of new accumulative rainfalls according to positive accumulative rainfall series and negative accumulative rainfall series.The series was used in stage division of flood season.This paper proposed the concept of highest thresholds of in and out flood season (ASMAX) to eliminate the impact of different thresholds.The concept and method were applied to clarify the stage of flood season in Yuqiao Reservoir watershed.It is identified that the flood season of this watershed should be between June 11 and September 18 and main flood period between July 21 and August 4.This conclusion is in accordance with statistic regulation of “July bottom and August top”,which means that the main flood season of Haihe watershed is between the last ten days of September and the first ten days of August.Accumulative rainfall series uncover processing character of flood season to certain extent, so it is suitable in stage division of flood season.〖
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