The social and economy sustainable development of any country and region should be based on natural resources and coordination between economy development and resource, and is becoming an important task and aim for most countries. Relying on its good resource base, people believe that the resource exploitation in Central China will play an important role in the economic development of China in the 21st century. In this paper, resource and environment assessment formula (RCER) is introduced and five fundamental elements are selected to estimate the relationships among resource, environment and manland relation in Central China. Some regional policy should be readjusted and suggestions were proposed in order to achieve sustainable development in Central China.

A total of 4 billion m3 water is to be transferred to the northern part of China from the upper reaches of Yalong, Dadu river in the first phase according to the Western Southnorth Water Transmission Project planning. The implementation of the project will influence the hydropower development of Yalong, Dadu and Jinsha rivers in the upper Yangtze River . It will reduce water discharge and power generation. The installed capacity of hydropower plants will be reduced in the near future .The influence in the upper reaches is larger than the lower stream. As well known, any major transmission project will have both positive and negative impacts, the Western southnorth Water Transmission Project is no exception. It will benefit the north water shortage area, but will influence the ecology and environment as well as hydropower in south-western area. We should pay attention to the overall planning with consideration of all concerned aspects in order to promote the economic, social development and mutual coordination between reso.

Becoming more and more serious because of nonmatching water resources distribution and serious water pollution, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in the Yangtze Basin has become the priority of the basin authority and various local governments.At present, the study on watersaving has just started in the Yangtze Basin. According to the characteristics of water resources in Yangtze Basin, the paper summarizes the significance of water-saving and discusses the necessity of watersaving and analyzes the level of water-saving under the present conditions in the Yangtze Basin. Furthermore, according to the present problems, such as the lack of watersaving ideas and investment, low water prices and lax running rules, law and conscience and so on, some methods are proposed in the paper.

The fast growth of construction land is a significant character in recent land use variation in Jiangsu province. The total area of its urban construction land increased from 426 km2 in 1985 to 2 200 km2 in 2003. The annul increase area was reached at 98.56 km2. Because city is a complex system and the increase of construction land area was propelled by social, economic and human factors. So it is difficult to predict the construction land area by traditional methods. In this paper, the back propagation algorithm (BP) was introduced to predict the urban construction land area in Jiangsu province. At the same time, the multiregression analysis model was also set up to check the precision of BP neural prediction model. The results showed that the relative error between the value predicted by the BP neural network and the actual value was only 3.96%. It also showed that the BP neural network has a high precision and good effectiveness than the multiregression analysis. The result of the research can be referred as an effective tool for the government regulations on the land use plan.

This paper presented the research on natural forest classification and mapping in China based on NDVI time series datasets derived from NOAA AVHHRR pathfinder data, and some ancillary geographical data. The authors first had a land cover classification by applying an ISODATA clustering method on some NDVI matrices indices from NDVI time series data, then detected the natural forest border through classes combination based on vegetation type map, TM image and field sampling point data. Secondly, in order to improve the classification accuracy, the authors performed a PCA transform on the NDVI time series data to remove noises. Finally, combined with other geographic data and field investigation data, the authors trained and constructed a neural network classifier to get the original forest classification map in China, then based on forest types, phenology character, China climatic division map and the national second and third classification system on vegetation, through classes combing, the forest type map in China was obtained. The final classification result showed that the classification method used in the paper can not only give a more detailed forest classification, but also have a better classification accuracy.

Public resources are the parts that owners have to give up, or the parts whose property rights has not been successfully defined when trading. The process of property rights defying naturally is solving the benefit problem to public resources between both sides or within economic units, so that public resources determines property rights evaluation. The writers divided public resources into two types—the inner and outer public resources. Then the writers proved the relationship among different property rights types, and the optimum way of selecting property rights, through model analysis. The writers' conclusion is that trade costs and production costs are the basic element to property rights definition ; and contests to public resources make all different types of property rights form a integrated series—from one pure common property rights(resources without sacristy) to the other pure common property rights(no resource can be used);Pure ownership (without trade) is particular form, while club and private property rights are the intergradations in the series; Real property rights selection depend on game equilibrium structure between economic units.

Based on the multipletemporal remote sensing data and GIS analysis, this paper analyzes the change and spatial expansion characteristics of urban construction land in Shanghai City. The driving force of urban growth and its comprehensive evaluation are given in this paper by using social economical data and correlation analysis. From 1985 to 1995,the growth of urban construction land was mainly located around outskirts of Shanghai City，while from 1995 to 2000, the growth in different districts was obviously diversified; more arable land and rural residential areas were occupied by urban growth with different expansion grade and scale in different direction; as the distance increases from the central downtown area, the growth intensity index displays the same change situation in different periods and the highest index is in the urban fringe. The economic growth is the decisive factor influencing the urban construction land expansion, and the development of local towns and industrial enterprise is also the important factor.

Based on the multitemporal remotelysensed data of TM, the evolvement, transformation and related spatial mechanism of urban landuse in Shanghai in the past decade were analyzed by map algebra and the spatial analysis (i.e, neighboring analysis). The results indicate that:(1)Agricultural landuse acted as a key contributor to the overall urban landuse growth in the past decade in Shanghai Region. (2)“Shrubs & fallows” is a unique landuse type produced from the interface between the agricultural and urban landuse types. As an indicator in the growth of urban landuse, the quantity, distribution and turnover rate of this landuse type can to some degree characterize the growth rate and spatial distribution of developing zones. (3)These landuse types with larger area and less transforming frequencies exhibited strong spatial pattern and spatial affiliation to other landuse types, and formed the framework of regional urbanization, “Multicore expanding” around Shanghai Central City and its subcities as well as the “pointaxes expanding” around satellite towns and main transportation lines dominate the modes in process of urban growth and urban landuse expanding. (4)Shanghai Central City and its main subcities showed high efficiency and intensity in the urban landuse development. In contrast, other medium or small towns have in general experienced high frequent and complicated process in landuse transformation, and presented low intensity in landuse, thus their urban landuse expanding process tends to be spatially scattered to some degree.

Soils in subtropical hilly lands were surveyed using TM image, and according to the environmental characteristics in this region, linear spectral mixture unmixing, KT transformation, texture extracting were used to enhance soil information and eliminate noises. The results showed that the use of TM image in the accuracy of soil classification survey had an increase of more than 5 percent when the noiseeliminated TM6 was added, and the characteristic images extracted by other several image processing methods discriminated some soil classes very well. The accuracy of paddy soils classfied using the images processed by linear spectral mixture unmixing and their texture images were generally higher than that of using raw images, and waterlogged and percogenic paddy soils had the highest classification accuracy using KT transformation. However, the characteristic images extracted by these image processing methods were not better than the raw images on the increase of the total accuracy of soil classification, and all the characteristic images except that of processed by linear spectral mixture unmixing needed to add the raw images for improving the total accuracy.

The Yulong Mountains located in Lijiang , northwest of Yunnan, is the highest peak in Yunling Mountains range of Hengduan Mountains system. It is encircled by Jinsha River （the upper reaches of Yangtze River） from east, west and north . As one of the three plant diversity centers of plant species in China and according to preliminary statistics, there are about 196 species of algae (belonging to 72 genera and 31 families), 20 species of lichens (belonging to 17 families), 45 species of liverwort and 130 species of moss, 220 species of fern, 2 646 species of seed plant (representing 804 genera and 171 families). Among these seed plant, 1 631 species are endemic in China, there is about 61.64% of the total seed plants in this small area. The formation of plant species diversity in this region is discussed in this paper. Through paleobotanical data and paleogeologic analysis, it is considered that the richness of plant species diversity in this region is originated from three Tertiary flora——Arctictertiary flora, Tethyan Tertiary flora and Boreotropical flora. with the elements of ArcticTertiary flora having a most important place. Then under the repeating effects of Neotectonic movement and Quaternary glaciations, for the various climate and environment, these flora further developing, differentiation and evolution in this region, and exchanged with neighboring regional flora, formed the richness of plant species diversity in this area.

The biomass, thickness and activity of the biofilm in substrate in integrated verticalflow constructed wetland were studied. The formation time of biofilms varied from 40 to 60 days with the quality of influent water. The biofilms with high trophic level in influent accumulated rapidly, the steady biomass and activity of biofilms were 1.59 and 1.5 times higher. The activity of biofilms with various thicknesses was different, and the optimum thickness was 150 um. The biofilm thickness in different layers of the substrate was dissimilar, the thickest biofilm was in the outmost surface (0~5 cm) of the substrate, being 2~3 times of other layers and 3~4 times of the optimum thickness. Excessive biofilm accumulation was not in favor of improvement of treatment efficiency and prone to cause clog of constructed wetland.

From the viewpoint of management for fishery resources along the Yangtze River, this paper emphasizes that, with the enforcement of management in our country, the legal system for the protection of fishery resources along the Yangtze River should be constructed primarily, and the protection be directly or indirectly strengthened legislatively at different levels and different aspects. The protection should effectively contain the tendency of deterioration for the resources in order to realize their sustainable utilization in the maximum extent. The paper expounds the actuality and status of fishery resources along the Yangtze River, the factors influencing fishery resources, the related laws and their relationships. This paper, on the one hand, affirms the functions that the legal system should have for the protection of fishery resources; and on the other hand, this paper also points out the disadvantages of the system. Owing to the status of fishery resources in the social economy, and faultiness of laws, the legal system for the protection of fishery resources along the Yangtze River should be formed to become an independent legal department, and to become a legislation force with the steady growth of the awareness of fishery resources in the social economy development. Thus, the legal system for the protection of fishery resources along the Yangtze River must be perfectly built.

Based on Landsat TM remote sensing data, GIS technique, and historical geography analysis production, the research on spatiotemporal structure characteristics of Weitian (artificial field) in Southeastern Anhui Province and adjacent area indicates that the spatial structural characteristics could be divided into four different categories: matrix pattern, polygon pattern, feather waternet pattern and rectangular pattern. Four patterns reflect the different nature and social conditions: a matrix pattern has a comprehensive function of defending, irrigating and transporting, a polygon pattern has a function of combining and expanding, a feather waternet pattern has a good function of buffer protection for the flood, and a rectangular pattern has a function of convenience for the intensive mechanization of modern time. The temporal characteristics of these artificial fields fell into three phases: San Guo period, the Song dynasty and modern times. This paper finally synthetically analyses the main driving factors of these artificial fields development: ① the prominent military affairs function of the ancient Wuhu city in San Guo period, ② the migration from northern China to southern China from Xijin period, ③ the rapid development of agricultural economy and technique in the Song dynasty, ④ the demand of modern society, modern economy and modern technique.

Crop spatial distribution is an important aspect in cropping system reforming and development. Cropping system is used for the spacial configuration of crops' spatial distribution in scale of a county. It can deal with the problems such as the unsuitable proportion of cropping system and unfit stubbles better in the spatial distribution. The main purpose in optimizing the crops' spatial distribution is to configure the spatial location of cropping system and make full use of the local natural resources as well as the social stocks, also to achieve the aim of protection of the resources. Cropping System Spatial Distribution Optimization is a spatial optimization problem which influenced by many factors such as nature,society and farming system. Traditional optimization algorithms are inefficient or hard to solve such problems.Gene Algorithm is an intelligent optimization algorithm, which solves complex combination and optimization problem by simulating the process of natural anagenesis and using simple code and gene operation. The authors put forward a method of cropping system spatial distribution optimization based on GIS and gene algorithm.

This paper establishes an econometrics model based on the panel data of 13 cities in Jiangsu province, and analyzes the contributive factors of input and output from the model. The result indicates that the cultivated land plays the most important role in the grain production in Jiangsu province, with the expansion of cities and decrease of cultivated land, and the trend of the grain production in Jiangsu is continuously downwards. On the other hand, with the improvement of technology efficiency and labor productivity, the grain production grows under the decrease of labor, then the relation can not be interpreted as the negative elasticity of labor. At last ,in the aspect of farm stock, the empirical result also shows that fertilizer and power of engine play an important role in grain production.

Project design is an important step for the previous work and process of construction and management of integrated developing investment on agricultural resource, and impacts directly on construction quality and comprehensive benefit of the investment of the project. In light of problems such as crude project design, simple evaluation of project benefit and lack of quantity comparison for project design, taking land fathering project as the object, the paper analyzed the economic benefit goal of the integrated development of agriculture. And based on the method of benefitcost analysis, regarding target planning as the tool and combining the representative plain agriculture area case of Jingzhou City in Hubei Province, the paper discussed how to optimize project design of integrated development of agriculture, including how to establish optimizing goal, how to set up the system of benefit evaluation index of the project and optimizing model and model application as well. The conclusion and method are of positive value to improve the ration of project management, the meticulous level and the scientific process of the integrated development project.

Based on the TM images in 1984 and 2002, and with the application of GIS and RS, this paper studied the landscape dynamic variation of Wuzhong district of Suzhou City. Using the means of stepwise regression, the human driving forces were analyzed.The results showed that the regional landscape pattern has changed dramatically, especially from cultivated land to water area, and to urban land and other construction areas. The decrease of cultivated land occupied 79.3% of total decrement,while the increase of the construction and water areas accounted for 63.5%,36.5% of the total increment, respectively. The patch area of human landscape such as land for towns and industries has been increasing, and their patches have been congregating. The ragmentation of natural and seminature landscapes such as cultivated land and woodland has increased, and their patches have been separating. The shape of cultivated and urban land has become more complex. The regional landscape diversity has increased because of the cultivated land dominance reduction. Because of the location and topography, the intense loss of cultivated land takes place around Suzhou City and in the eastern plain, and the distribution centroid of cultivated land patches has moved 4.74 km towards southwast in the last eighteen years. The human driving factors for landscape spatial change are the rapid growth of population, fundamental construction investment, foreign investment and development of the tertiary industry which were based on tourist industry.

There are regional pollutant differences in Jiangsu Province. The purpose of this paper is to identify measures to the decrease of regional differences that control pollution deterioration through studying innovation of environmental policy. In this paper, the regional differences were briefly analyzed at first. Secondly the authors compared economic effects of pollution in every area and analyzed the difference in economic increase and industry structure， institution and environmental technology within Sunan， Suzhong and Subei. Lastly some approaches of environmental policy innovation are provided on the basis of the analysis.

Capture fisheries and aquaculture without feeding could not pollute the water bodies and reduce in some degree the growth of algae and control the eutrophication. Whilst aquaculture by feeding and fertilizing could increase the possibility of eutrophication. However, proper cage numbers and distribution, limited aquaculture species and density, increasing the quality of lowpollution aquafeed and proper feeding regime could reduce the negative impact of aquaculture on water bodies. Proper fisheries is one of the ways to utilize the resources of water, land and organisms of the Three Gorges Reservoir. It could not only increase the employment and income of the emigrants, but also improve the water environment. In order to utilize the water resources, properly it is urgent to make the fishery development plan and improve the fisheries management. It could result in the harmonizing of fisheries, environment protection, resettlement and other functions of the reservior.

This paper predicts the pollutant loads into the Three Gorges Reservoir after impoundment in 2010 and 2015 based on reference paper1. The authors employed envelopingline method to make three load levels: the low level, corresponding to the good condition, in which the pollution is controlled effectually; the high level, corresponding to the worst condition, in which the pollutant loads discharge get to worsen in a certain limit continuously; and the middle level, corresponding to the normal condition between the high and the low level. In the prediction, the background load from the Yangtze River, the Jialing River and the Wujiang River has been divided into two parts: the natural background load and the upstream contribution load. The natural background pollutant load kept constant and the upstream contribution load had high level, middle level and low level according to water pollution control planning of the upper reaches.The prediction results showed that the pollutant loads discharging to the reservoir directly occupy a low proportion of the total loads into the Three Gorges Reservoir. At middle load level, the pollutant loads from reservoir area occupy a proportion from 8.50% to 22.93% of the total loads. The main source comes from the background load, namely natural background load and upstream contribution load from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Jialing River and the Wujiang River. At low, middle and high load levels, ignoring the natural background load, the reservoir area source BOD5 load occupies 28.8%, 32.5% and 35.04% of the total loads respectively in 2010. But the total phosphorus (TP) load shows some abnormality; the TP load at low load level is higher than that at middle load level, but lower than that at high load level.The main pollutant and distribution of the pollutant loads in 2010 and 2015 are similar to that in 1998. The main discharging district is the urban district of Chongqing City, the CODCr loads discharging at the high, middle and low levels are 39.6%, 36.2% and 21.6% respectively in 2010; and at low load level, the CODCr load decreases about 18% compared to that at high load level. The main pollution source of the reservoir area is the agricultural nonpoint sources, the CODCr load of the agricultural nonpoint source from reservoir area occupies 38.9%,47.5% and 70.4% of total loads at high, middle and low load level respectively in 2010. The prediction results also showed that pollutant loads exhibit increasing trend with the social and economical development of the reservoir area, and the pollutant loads and the three load levels in 2015 will be larger than that in both 2010 and 1998.

Strategic environment assessment (SEA) as a tool to support sustainable development has been widely recognized. This paper discussed the method based on the spatial relationship between planning road network and ecological elements. Based on the method, this study finds the relatively more seriously ecological problems and the places where the problem would take place. Advices were given to make more reasonable planning. The method provided in this paper helps conduct strategic environmental assessment in transportation system.

Using GIS, the map of landscape patterns has been charted based on the land use classification with remote sensing images obtained in 2000. Landscape patterns of the upper Min River Basin have been analyzed from such point of view as the landscape's patch characters, shape, heterogeneity, and spatial distribution through the indices of the number of patches, variability coefficient, fractal dimension, isolation, fragmentation. The analysis on the ecological landscape patterns of land use indicates that grassland and forest are the main landscape types, which occupy 95.12% of the total study area and grassland is the matrix of the whole landscape because its area is the most and the connectivity is the best. With the vast land and the minority people of the Tibetan and the Qiang family in the study area fond of living together, the arable land and the residential area in the study area occur as the pattern of convergency but dispersed in fact, which lead to the value of the isolation and fragmentation of those two landscape types are very high. The distribution of landscape types has evident altitudinal zonality and the distribution order is approximately the construction area-arable land-forest-grassland-water-unused land from valley to mountaintop for the big vertical space of the height above sea level.

The Pudu River developed with the Pudu Fault and the Xiaojiang River with Xiaojiang Fault flowed into the Kunming Basin, then formed the Dianchi Lake on 3.40 MaB P. The Jinsha River linked in the late of Pleistocene, so the Pudu River and the Xiaojiang River flowed backwards to the Jinsha River, then the Dianchi Lake became the wind gap of the three water systems of the Jinsha river, the Zhujiang River and the Honghe River, and formed the hydrographic feature of the Dianchi Lake, such as a small replenishment coefficient and a long exchange water cycle. Because a great deal of pollutants were inputted into the Dianchi Lake and accumulated, the water quality in the lake declined rapidly. In order to treat the water environment in the Dianchi Lake, we suggest that the water in the Zhangjiu River should be diverted into the Tanglangchuan River at Luquan county, then the Zhangjiu River and the Tanglangchuan River would flow into the Dianchi Lake, so the area of gathering water for the Dianchi Lake will add up to 16 066 km2, and the annual surface runoff will add up to 26.64×108 m3, the exchange water cycle will reduce to 197.2 d. While we also advise to change the outlet of the Dianchi Lake by digging up a new canal at Kunming, and the pollutant will not diffuse all into the Dianchi Lake. The pollution in the Dianchi Lake will be controlled.

Calculating arithmeticweighted average value of environmental quality comprehensive index is a common method in environmental quality comprehensive evaluation. And the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is a main method for determining its weight. In order to overcome the uncertainty due to different judgments based on different environmental information and criterion, an improved AHP method is designed for environmental quality comprehensive evaluation. The process of the improved AHP method involves the following key procedures. First the parameters yi1 and yi2 are calculated based on the environmental monitoring data. Second the pollution factors are put in order according to the symbol and value of yi1 and yi2. Third the different numerical value, which represents importance of each factor, is given to each pollution factor in light of seating order of factors. And forth the factor weights are achieved by the judgment matrix formed on the pairwise comparison of factors. Therefore, the weights of pollution factors are completely based on the monitoring data. Moreover, because the state of environmental pollution will change with time and space it is necessary to give different weight to each factor while evaluating environmental comprehensive quality in different periods and different regions. The improved AHP method can just be used to compare environmental comprehensive quality objectively among different periods and spaces.

Pyrethroid pesticides are mainly used in killing pests in cotton, vegetable, fruit and tea trees, public health and also in killing parasites in fish. Nowadays more and more pyrethroid pesticides have been used and become substitution of traditional organophosphorus pesticides. It shows high performance, low remanining and resistance against light. Pyrethroid pesticides are easy to metabolize and excrete in mammal, but endanger the water ecosystem. The paper deals with the progress of acute and chronic toxicity test on hydrobiology and mechanism of poisoning with pyrethroid pesticides.