The Yangtze Economic Zone is the first class development axis in China that stands side by side with Coastal Economic Zone. Its internal regional economy disparity has been expanded since 1990s; to reduce the gap by promoting the economy of the Yangtze Economic Zone and to achieve the whole harmonious development have been an important task at present. In this paper, we analyzed the regional economic disparity of the Yangtze Zone between the three zones and 41 cities to find out the major factors that affect regional economic disparity. Then we analyzed these factors to look for how to narrow the gap between regions and keep sustainable development. Finally, we forecast the tendency of each region in the Yangtze Economic Zone. There are great economic differences in the Yangtze Economic Zone, and the differences are becoming larger. Its development tendency is well, showing that it is an important growth axis of China.

The article establishes an index system to evaluate the infrastructure modernization level of Ningbo City, with consideration to the following five specific aspectstraffic, energy and water supply, infotelecommunications, environmental sanitation and drainage system. All the data involved were obtained during the period from 1997 to 2003, selected to make quantitative evaluation on the current infrastructure modernization of Ningbo City. In terms of the actual construction of the city, this article also reveals what has already been achieved and what still needs to be improved in the city′s infrastructure modernization.Then based on the application of the gray systematic prediction model, the authors make a prediction on the process of the infrastructure modernization of Ningbo City and the result indicates that in 2005, Ningbo City will have taken on a rudimentary form of a modernized city with its comprehensive index of infrastructure modernization reaching the percentage of 83.8, and in the intermediate year 2010, Ningbo City will have attained a rather high modernization level with its comprehensive index reaching the high percentage of 95.0, but there will still be a distance to go before Ningbo City basically realizes its infrastructure modernization. The article lastly makes four suggestions on how to promote the modernization of infrastructure construction of Ningbo City.

Based on the economic and environmental data in Nanjing City for the period from 1991 to 2003, a model was set up to analyze the relationship between economic growth and environmental changes.This paper thus elevated the environmental policies of Nanjing City. It is revealed that Nanjing, as a heavilyindustrilized city, has held back the environmental degradation with the economic growth, and Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) can well characterize the relationships between some environmental indicators and GDP per capita, due to the efficient environmental policy and the vast environmental investment in Nanjing City.

Starting with research of per capita gross domestic product, industrial structure, urban and rural structure and employment structure, this paper draws a conclusion that Chongqing City is still at the first stage of middle industrialization period. In respect of this conclusion and structural problems existed in current stage and industrialization process of Chongqing City, such as industrial structure and incongruity of area development, combining the need for newtype industrialization way, the authors have proposed several suggestions to advance the newtype industrialization process of Chongqing City.

The Changjiang River Delta covers only 1% of the area in China as a whole, but is the largest comprehensive economic zone in the country. Although its population is only 6% of the total population, the GDP in this zone accounts for 20% of the whole country, supplying 22% of financial revenue for the country, indicating that the status of this area is very important in the country. With a long history, the Changjiang River Delta is rich in terms of cultural heritages in China, and it has the longest history with cultural and economic exchange with the Southeast Asian countries. Modern science and technology, culture and education have been developed comparatively well in this area. In the last 25 years, the rapid development in the Changjiang River Delta has been closely related with the development of foreign oriented economy: a large amount of foreign capitals has been attracted to this area, which has in turn promoted the economic development in this area; the foreign trade in this area has increased substantially; the foreigncapitalized enterprises have gained plentiful profits and also provided employment positions and tax revenue in this area. At present, the main foreign economic relationship of the Changjiang River Delta is with Europe and United States, Japan and South Korea; Taiwan, Hongkong and Macao have special status in China and their investments in the Changjiang River Delta account for the largest proportion and have been increasing constantly. Although the foreign economy and trade with the Southeast Asian countries does not account for a large proportion in the Changjiang River Delta, the Singapore Industrial Park in Suzhou, which is jointly invested by Singapore and China, has gained enormous financial and industrial achievements, showing that the cooperation between China and the Southeast Asian countries has a wide and prospective significance. This paper has analyzed the present industrial structure, the existing problem in relation to resources and environment, and forecasted the future development and the potential prospect in this area in respect of the cooperation with the Southeast Asian countries.

Based on 11 cities of Zhejiang Province, with 21 126 single tourism resources which were confirmed by the provincial tourism resource survey conducted from July 2003 to April 2004, this paper makes an overall comprehensive evaluation of each individual city's tourism resource quantity including abundance and density, quality and combination status as well as horizontal comparison between these cities. After the research, we have found that resource abundance around Hangzhou Bay is the highest and human resources are most outstanding. Jinhua, Quzhou and Lishui tourism regions are ranked No.2 with evident advantages of natural tourism regions. Wenzhou and Taizhou coastal tourism regions come the last, but their human and natural tourism resources are well balanced with prominent natural landscapes. All this is identical with their respective geographical features, the order of each city's tourism resources' abundance and density is not identical. After the comparison between abundance and density, on the top list are Zhoushan, Jiaxing and Huzhou. Each city tourism resource combination advantages are balanced, with prominence of East Zhejiang, Southwest Zhejiang and Hangzhou. The overall advantages of tourism resources of West Zhejiang, South Zhejiang, East Zhejiang and Hangzhou are most prominent, the average quality of tourism resources around Hangzhou Bay is the highest, next come Wenzhou and Taizhou coastal tourism regions, Jinhua, Quzhou and Lishui tourism regions come last. The quality of single tourism resources around Hangzhou Bay is most concentrated with even distribution, and that of Wenzhou, Taizhou coastal tourism regions is not very well balanced.

There is close relationship between city tourist image (CTI) and urban landscape planning. Urban landscape planning is indispensable when setting up the CTI,and good construction of urban landscape can improve the CTI. Then,we put forward the ideas and principles of urban landscape planning which serves CTI. The ideas are: embodying the CTI; showing the city's geographical, historical and cultural characteristic; offering the space for urban tourism activity and creating the tourism ecological setting. The principles are: taking the mental image as the core; coordinating the human and surrounding; combining the tourism theme and market demand; considering the feature and style. We analyzed the urban landscape elements and classifed them, pointed out the key elements which must be considered when planning the urban landscape. The structural elements can be divided into three parts: the general structure of urban landscape, the special urban landscape belt (or zone) and the visual identification system of urban landscape. The landscape elements can be classified into the hard and soft ones. At last,Nanjing City was taken as an example to illustrate.

With the quick development of economy and urbanization since reforming and opening, some urban issues such as environment pollution, heavy traffic appeared in China and the conflicts between human and nature become sharper and sharper. As one of the developed regions in China, Jiangsu province shows the typical characteristics of rapid urbanization which increase from 13.7% to 44.7% from 1978 to 2002 and fast expanding of buildup areas which is 1.5 times in 2000 than that in 1991. Furthermore, it was found that the buildup area per capita increased to 40 m2 in small city and 17 m2 in special big city; the bigger a city scale is, the smaller the buildup area per capita. Further analysis indicates that the expansion of buildup areas resulted from the economy development, land use collocation and the exploitation areas and new city areas building since 90s. The key problems in urban land use are low efficiency use, sharp conflicts between supply and demand and so on. In order to improve this condition and carry out the sustainable development, it is suggested to strengthen the management, make the full potential of land use and increase efficiency of land use.

The land use change of urban fringe is complicated and rapid. It is of great significance to simulate the spatio-temporal structure of this area in the field of land planning. In this study, taking Hongshan District in Wuhan City as an example, the authors adopted the DPSIR model to qualitatively analyze the driving force mechanism of industrial land, residential land, public facility land and green space in urban fringe, and obtained the corresponding driving force, pressure and state of each kind of land use; then employ the CLUES model to simulate the landuse development through three processes: calculating weight coefficient of driving factors, simulating demand analysis of each land and simulating dynamic distribution of landuse development; at last, compared the simulation land with land status map and found that the results basically tally with the actual situation. On the basis of the simulation, the authors established two modes of spatial development of urban fringe, and proposed to protect the water and landscape zone in this area. The method and result provide valuable information for decision makers.

A method of dynamic and multiobjective programming for land sustainable utilization is suggested based on genetic algorithm in combination with multiobjective fuzzy optimization. The logical approaches comprise of: (1) building time series based on careful analyzing of land utilization system, (2) setting up land use pattern variable and determining optimizing goal and the restriction condition from present situation, (3) applying grey GM (1,1) to predict parameters needed by the model, (4) studying pareto noninferior desegregations by genetic algorithm, and (5) seeking optimum planning decision array from pareto desegregations by means of principle of maximum dominance. An instance of sustainable land use planning in Zigong region passing through time slicing 2010, 2015 and extending into 2020 shows that the genetic algorithm integrated in multiobjective fuzzy optimum dynamic programming is conductive to solve the multiobjective coordination by providing with more choice schemes that in the meantime also helps to make much more flexibility and expedience to public participants in the process of planning. All procedures which produce outcomes of planning take consideration of characters of scientificalness, feasibility and maneuverability.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the land use and land cover change and to examine their effects on ecosystem services value(ESV) in the rapid urbanization area of Wuhan City by interpreting 1996 and 2001 LandsatTM remote sensing images.The methods are based on ESV computing formula and ESV coefficients. The following results and conclusions could be obtained:(1)From 1996 to 2001,the area of cultivated land, grassland，water area and unutilized land decreased, while woodland, wetland and buildup land increased;(2)The total value of ecosystem services of the study area declined from ￥457.74×107 in 1996 to ￥456.14×107 in 2001,with the net decline of ￥1.61×107 during the 5year time period;(3)The contribution of various ecosystem functions to the overall value of the ecosystem services comes from the increase in gas regulation, climate regulation, raw materials and recreation, while water conservation, soil formation and disposition, waste treatment, biodiversity conservation and food production had a decreased effect;(4)The sensitivity analysis suggested that these estimates are relatively robust.

It is of great significance to conduct some research on the change of ecosystem services value, via the reseach on the change of the land use, in order to provide reference on land use layout, ecoenvironment protection and ecological recovery. Recently, the status of land use in Dongting Lake Area fluctuates frequently. The research on the dynamic ecosystem services value may provide suggestions on the ecorehabilitation in this area. Based on table of Chinese ecosystem service value per unit area of different ecosystem types and on the land use change data of Dongting Lake Area, the ecological assets were divided into 7 types; the ecological value coefficients were set and the research on the change of ecosystem services value (ESV) was carried out during the time from 1980 to 2000s. The result shows that: (1) If defining the 1980 as the midpoint, the former decade had a decline of ESV, while the latter an increase, indicating the achievement of ecosystem construction of the area. (2)The change of wetland's ESV determined the change of the whole ESV of the Dongting Lake; the water area ESV dominated the main portion of ESV in the whole area.

In order to quantitatively analyze and compare the change of ecosystem services caused by land use change, the economic value of ecosystem services in 17 administrative districts in Dongting Lake Area was estimated with the table of equivalent weight factor of economic value of ecosystem services of China, and the economic value of food production per hectare was supplied by cropland ecosystem and on the basis of Chinese resource and environment spatialtemporal database land use situation at the end of 1970's, 1980's and 1990's extracted by analyzing threeperiod TM data. During 20 years the change of the ecosystem services value was calculated and compared, and the area differentiation was measured by coefficient of variation. At last, the causes of the change were discussed. The result shows that the land use change is different among 17 administrative districts and the total value of ecosystem services was up to 93.4 billion yuan at the end of 1990's, but the larger coefficient of variance indicates that the difference among 17 administrative districts is obvious. On the whole, the ecosystem services value in East Dongting Lake is much larger than that in West Dongting Lake. In the past two decades the difference of the ecosystem services value among 17 administrative districts changed very largely. In all administrative districts the change in Huarong is the most, which was more than 200 million yuan, and the least was Jinshi which was 12 million yuan.

The physical and chemical properties, soil microorganisms and enzyme activities in five patterns of vegetation rehabilitation were studied. The soil microorganisms, enzyme activities and the content of organic matter and total N of five patterns increased evidently than in control site. The amount of total microorganism rankedas burned shrub﹥Robinia pseudoacacia ﹥mixed stands of Pinus elliottii and Robinia pseudoacacia﹥Cyclobalanopsis glauca﹥Pinus elliottii﹥control site. The enzyme activity was different in five patterns. The content of urease in the surface layer soil ranged as burned shrub﹥Cyclobalanopsis glauca﹥Robinia pseudoacacia ﹥Pinus elliottii﹥mixed stands of Pinus elliottii and Robinia pseudoacacia﹥control site,and the invertase as burned shrub﹥Pinus elliottii﹥Cyclobalanopsis glauca﹥Robinia pseudoacacia ﹥mixed stands of Pinus elliottii and Robinia pseudoacacia﹥control site.The diversity of catalase is not significantly different in five patterns.

Farming system plays an important role in soil organic carbon stability and accumulation. To study soil carbon dynamics of farming system evolution will contribute to farming technology selection and incentive policy making for carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. Therefore, some publisheddata from longterm field experiments were used to construct assessment model of the change in soil organic carbon density induced by conservational farming systems in paddy fields in Yangtze Delta Plain. In addition, soil carbon sequestration effects of conservational farming systems were primarily assessed based on the change of the farming system in the past 20 years in this region. Results showed that the increase in sown oilseed rape area,reducedtillage wheat area and straw application area had rises in organic carbon being about 0.94 Tg, 2.76 Tg and 3.95 Tg in surface soils (15 cm), respectively. The highest effect of carbon sequestration occurred under the transformation of wheatrice system to oilseed raperice system. Finally, the assessment method was discussed, and some recommendations were put forward for carbon sequestration research and to improve soil carbon sequestration potential.

Characteristics in the distribution of available cadmium in soil in kunshan City of Jiangsu Province was investigated in the present study. The content of available Cd in soil is relatively high, with the average being at 0.092 mg/kg and the maximum 0.354 mg/kg, and the available rate of soil Cd up to 53%. It is indicated that Cd is one of the main pollutants among heavy metals in soil in this area. The content of available Cd is significantly positively correlated with the content of total Cd in the upper layer soil, with the equation being at y=0.748 9x-0.029 8(r=0.886>r0.01=0.463, n=30).It is shown that the content of available Cd in soil is mainly affected by the total Cd in soil in this area. The available Cd and available rate of Cd are reltively high in areas with chemical factories, although the function of these areas may differ in economy, and these two parameters are high in the middle plain areas of different physiognomy in this city. The available rate of Cd is significantly higher in the middle plain area than in the north low area. Overall, in soil the available content and available rate of Cd is higher in the upper layer, indicating that the environmental risk of Cd exists mainly in the upper 20 cm layer of soil.

Change in landuse type is a key factor affecting the contents and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC). The understanding of the characteristics of SOC contents under various landuse types at farmland in Dongting Lake Region is essential to make judicious landuse policy and maintain land productivity. By investigation, sampling and laboratory analysis, the SOC contents at four typical landuse types (including dryland, flood drought rotation land, single cropping paddy field and double cropping paddy field) at farmland in Dongting Lake Region were studied. The results showed that the difference in the SOC contents at any two landuse types was highly significant (P < 0.01) and the SOC contents order was: double cropping paddy field (28.12 g/kg) > single cropping paddy field (27.03 g/kg) > flood drought rotation land (24.79 g/kg) > dryland (17.96 g/kg). It is illustrated that the land productivity, amount of straw returning and soil hydrological condition were main factors determining the differences in the SOC contents at various landuse types. The results further revealed that improving amount of straw returning, increasing in plant cropping, strengthening mulch on soil surface can maintain, and even enhance the SOC contents, especially at dry farming land in Dongting Lake Region.

By introducing the nichefitness theory into comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility on cultivated land, an evaluation method of integrated soil fertility, using GIS and the soil basal nichefitness model (SBNFM), was developed and used in the Houhu Area of Jianghan Plain. The factors affecting the level of cultivated land fertility and their weight were decided. According to the scenario, soil samples were collected and analyzed. After standardizing soil data, the soil basal nichefitness value of every unit was calculated, which is remarkably lineary interrelated with the rice yield. With Analytical Hierarchy Process, soil fertility was divided into 4 classes in this area. By ArcGIS, the map of soil comprehensive fertility in Houhu Area was drawn. It is indicated that the soil fertility level in this area is in medium and high side, the percentages of area in levels 1,2,3 and 4 amount to 33.430%，35.990%，22.701%and 7.879% respectively. On the other hand, the introduction of soil basal nichefitness model is an exploration for soil fertility evaluation, which has much theoretical and practical meanings to agricultural production.

This paper at first introduced the general situation of Suzhou Creek, the Rehabilitation Project of Suzhou Creek and its achievement of Phase I. Then the emphasis of Phase II was proposed. Based on the hydrodynamics and water quality models of the Suzhou Creek, Phase II of Suzhou Creek Rehabilitation Project was simulated and analyzed. Pollution interception, sludge dredging and water augmentation were all included in the scenario study. Through simulation and results analysis， the reasonability and feasibility of the target of Rehabilitation Project Phase II was demonstrated.

The spatialtemporal distribution of water quality was assessed based on the data from December in 2003 to November in 2004 obtained in Meiliang Bay drinking water purification demonstration enclosure in Lake Taihu. The background values of main water quality indexes including transparency, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, exceed environmental quality standards for surface water of type three and the demonstration zone belongs to eutrophication. Water quality of demonstration zone was improved obviously after the implement action of technical measures. Mean values of dissolved oxygen during the period from December of 2003 to November of 2004 increased 34%, in contrast to the background value in August of 2003. Transparency improved from 0.29 to 0.35 m, with 21% increase.

In order to understand the growth of phytoplankton in city rivers in Suzhou City, and to provide scientific basis for the improvement of water environment, the water condition and the species composition of phytoplankton were investigated in Miaojia River in Suzhou City from May to December in 2004. Results showed that there were 73 species of phytoplankton belonging to 6 phya, in which scenedesmus and diatom were predominant. Through analyzing Chla., biomass and population of phytoplankton,the density of phytoplanktons ranged from high to low in the following season order: summer＞autumn＞spring＞winter. This result indicated primarily the water's polluted character and the growth of phytoplankton in network of waterways in city, and it provided important references for water quality improvement and restoration.

According to the growth background, the structure of resources and environment, and the social economic function, Jianghan Lakes Region is defined as the area under the altitude of 50 m in Jianghan Plain of Hubei Province, which covers the area from E111°36′38.76″ to E116°7′52.14″ in longitude and from N29°25′59.25″ to N31°27′14.45″ in latitude. The area is 46.64×103 km2 in geographic calibration and 64.75×103 km2 in regionalism. With the help of RS/GIS, a conclusion can be drawn that the amount of lakes in Jianghan Lakes Region decreased in the last 50 years, however it fluctuated in some years. From 1950s to the beginning of 20th Century(year 2000), the number of lakes with the area above 0.1 km2 has decreased as a whole in each decade, and the total area decreased as well. The number in 1950s is 1 309, and in the following decades, it decreased to 611, 612, 838, 768, and then to 771 in year 2000. The total area in 1950s is 8 503.7 km2, and it also decreased to 5 462.5 km2, 2 933.8 km2, 2 977.3 km2 and 3 451.4 km2 in following decades, and then to 3 188.1 km2 in year 2000. In the recent 50 years, the area of most lakes reduced or some of them withered away, and the main reason of such evolution in Jianghan Lakes Region is because of excessive exploitation.

The future waterlevelfluctuation zone formed by the operation of the Three Gorges Dam will be a complex ecohealth problem in the reservoir area. Most studies have focussed on the utilization of the waterlevelfluctuation zone, but the protection or utilization models will influence the developing trends of the health and stability status of this special zone. This paper discribes the formation and the definition of the waterlevel flutuation zone in the Three Gorges Region based on the analysis of the factors affecting the health state. Then the paper puts forward an evaluation system involving indicators in three groups: structural indicators, functional indicators and environmental indicatiors, which have subfactors under each category. In the design of the evaluation system, the subject zone is regarded as the type similar to wetland and the impacts of human activities on the zone have attracted great attention. Taking Kaixian County as a case, this evaluation system is used to forecast the health state under different protection or utilization models of the future waterfluctuationzone in the paper.

According to the aquatic ecosystem investigations in October of 2003 and April of 2004, the composition and quantity of phytoplanktons after impounding of the Three Gorges Reservoir were studied. We discussed the influence of water dynamics condition, water nutrient level on the phytoplankton components and quantity. The results indicated that dominated species of phytoplankton in investigated area were diatoms, and the quantity of phytoplankton investigated on October of 2003 was not obviously different from that before impounding, and was between 2.02×104 individuals/L and 31.6×104 individuals/L. The quantity of phytoplankton increased obviously between 3.18×104 individuals/L and 16 288×104 individuals/L on April of 2004. According to the change of hydraulic condition, the reservoir is plotted to three types of waterbody; the upstream of Wushan County of Yangtze River belongs to rivertype, and section from Wushan County to the Three Gorges Reservior is transitiontype, and the estuaries and backwaters of tributary located in section from Wushan County to the dam are laketype. The phytoplankton growing in rivertype water region has not increased obviously after the impounding, and those in laketype and transitiontype water region have increased notably. Therefore, the transition type and lake type are the eutrophication sensitive regions in the Three Gorges Reservoir.

Yulong Copper Mine in Tibet Autonomous Region is a superlarge copper mine in the world, and it will recently be exploited after being found about 40 years ago. The mine located in the nature reserve area of the upstream of the Changjiang River，where the ecoenvironment is very vulnerable because of being in QinghaiTibet Plateau with the altitude about 4 800 meters above sea level. The mine is also located in the recharge area of the hydrogeological unit. The vertical exchange of water occurs frequently due to the hydraulic connection between surfacewater and groundwater in the area. The authors estimated the environmental quality of surfacewater and groundwater，and analyzed the influence on regional water environment due to the exploitation of the mine. In order to achieve the sustainable development, some suggestions to the exploitation of the mine have made to prevent the polluted groundwater scope extending for the protection of the water environment according to the condition of regional hydrogeology.

Over a long period of time, high efficiency of economy and high standards of living have been concerned much more than ever before. With the influence of traditional factors on the decline of regional development, the influence of new factors such as ecoenvironment problems has become more obvious. The main features of the regional ecoenvironment problems are regional diversity, factor fluidness, and regional spatial types. So, different policies should be executed in different regions, and cooperation system for ecoenvironment rehabilitation and conservation between different regions should be established so as to avoid the transfer of polluting factors or industries from one region to another.