After the analyses of establishment reasons, development stages, and economic objectives about EU (the organization of global economic integration——European Union), the authors believe that the key for economic integration in the area of the Yangtze River Delta is the adjustment of industrial structure, based on current industrial structure and existing problems in this region. There were significant differences in the economic development levels among different subregions, although the industrialization has developed into mature stage, which is dominated by heavychemical industry and highprocessing degree manufacturers, within most of these regions. Moreover, industrial structures were characteristic of a flight of stairs, the structures of manufacturing industry were different in different areas. In addition, some industrial conglomeration was low, and the industrial transference was obstructed among subregions. Based on the above analysis, some critical strategies were put forward about how to adjust industrial structure within the area of the Yangtze River Delta. Taking advantage of Shanghai as a driving role in the Yangtze River Delta, with the help of EXPO′x 2010 Shanghai, promoting the third industry integration, accelerating the process of establishing transregion and largescale enterprises were suggestetd by the authors for the adjustment of industrial structure.

Flood diversion and storage areas are very important to flood control. In 1950＇s, we have founded 14 flood diversion and storage areas in the middle reach of the Yangtze River,in which,Jingjiang,Honghu,and Dujiatai are the three most important flood diversion and storage areas. But,with a series of great power plants, such as ThreeGorges Project, constructed, and project of strengthen dam took into practice,the middle reach of the Yangtze River need more 200×10\+8m\+3flood storage capability for flood diversion and storage areas.Based on geology regularity and flood control reality of the middle reach of the Yangtze River,the paper put forward two proposal as follows:(1)to cancel the Jinjiang and others common flood diversion and storage works, and to only remain Honghu flood storage works and Dujiatai flood diversion works, especially by considering Honghu as more important;(2)to construct Honghu flood storage works by “the step by step”and“farm and breed exploit contemporary”principle.

The construction of Da Chang Town started in early years of the Taikang Period of the West Jin Dynasty (3rd century).the present wellpreserved town was constructed in the Ming Dynasty (14th15th century). The wellpreserved streets（such as the East, the West and the South streets） together with the residential building, along these streets are of typical Eastern Sichuan style, which have made Da Chang a famous town in Chonqing municipality. This town is also the biggest site with wellpreserved ancient buildings in the Chonqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. In order to better preserve the cultural and historical relics of Da Chang, it has been decided after extensive consultation and thorough feasibility study to relocate the entire town. Many technological issues have therefore appeared on the agenda, particularly the identification of the new location for the town. Based on the evaluation of geological conditions and through the integration of environmental, cultural and geological features of 5 potential sites, the authors established a comprehensive assessment system providing qualitative and semiquantitative evaluation for the new site of this ancient town. The assessment system considers four aspects,including the degree of investment, feasibility of construction, possibility of reconstruction of the cultural and environmental, features and profitability of the resource use. The comprehensive assessment was achieved by weighted averaging of the individual assessment of each unit.

Regional spatial structure has been studied in depth. But the spatial structure in a basin has not been studied systematically,although basin is one of the important district units for regional economy. This paper introduces the coreperiphery structure model of Skinner. Then, the characters and evolutionary progress of spatial structure in Ganjiang River have been analyzed.The results show that the Ganjiang Basin can be divided into three parts as core region, transition region and periphery region. All of these certify that Ganjiang Basin has apparent coreperiphery structure.Mountain, river and lake (MRL) consist of the three factors of Ganjiang Basin, and there are close connections between them. Ganjiang river as the maximum river of Ganjiang Basin flows from southern to northern of Jiangxi and infuses Poyang Lake which is the maximum freshwater lake in China. Mountain, river and lake are connected by Ganjiang River as a whole and form an ecological system. So we must take MRL as organic entity and construct it step by step when we harness ecological environment, and exploit resources, and allocate industry and agriculture.

Four prominent pollution problems appears with the coastal highspeed development since the policy of reforming was introduced that is: (1) obvious ecological degeneration; (2) serious structural pollution; (3) hardly controlled waterborne contaminations; (4) lagged environmental infrastructures. Then, a sustainable social production model has been put forward to show that natural resource and environment instead of the granted capital, technology or labor are the bottleneck factors in the regional economy. Lastly, eight corresponding solutions to the development of coastal resources have been put forward.

This paper takes the Yangtze River Delta——a group of fast developing cities as an example to analyzes the land use change and driving forces during the urbanization process. By analysing the rate of each type of land and the factor analysis, the major change in this area is the rate increase of constructed land and decrease of cultivated land. In this respect, driving force factor system is formed and a regression model has been constructed. By related analysis and principle analysis,It is concluded that the major driving forces are the population increase and urbanization, the increase of economic output and the urbanization of labors. However, the major driving force changes as the social economy development and land use characteristics vary. The urbanization and the tertiary industry development become stronger to drive the land use change in the city region of the Yangtze River Delta, while the growth of total economy is a weak driving force.

This paper studied the dynamics of landscape pattern in Nanjing city since 1986 by using GIS and major landscape index with Landsat TM imageries in 1986, 1994, 2000, the topography map of 1:100 000 in 1973 and current land use map of 2000. The results showed that landscape structure of Nanjing City changed dramatically in the course of rapid urbanization. The natural and seminatural landscape such as cultivated land, greenbelt, water and unused land became manmade landscape. In general, landscape diversity and average area of the patches increased. Fragmentation Fi, separation Ni, and lacunarity A(r) decreased. The urban exploitation becomes regulated and rational. But the different landscape factors in the same time or the same landscape factor in different years had different change modes. The speed of urban expansion is rapid from 1986 to 1994 in which the area of the manmade landscape increased largely, the area of cultivated land, greenbelt and unused land decreased, the patches distribution was not wellproportional and Fi increased,with its speed declined during 1994 ~ 2000 when the exploitation of Nanjing city became disciplinary and the patch distribution tends to be uniformal with Fragmentation Fi, separation Ni, and lacunarity A(r) decreasing barring cultivated land.

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are economically important in 21th century, with the water source of national strategic importance. The area is the last defence for the balance of water supply in our country. However, with the macro background of natural evolvement，the highspeed development of valley economics and the deep effect by human activities, for example, largescale exploitation , a series of negative environmental effects appears. Of them the most serious problem is the destroyment of lakes, especially the large degradation of the ability to adjust ecological environment and selfrecover, which has brought bad ecological result, and has already threatened the ecological balance in the Yangtze River, and affected the continuous development of territorial economics. Based on investigations into the situation and problem of the ecological environment of the lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, some countermeasures were suggested for the protection and management of lakes.

By using 1996 and 2001 remote sensing data as basic information resource and with the support of GIS,the change of wetland landscape structure was analyzed through selected the indices such as patch diversity, fractal dimension, fragmentation, diversity, dominance and evenness index, etc, Meanwhile. the status of transform of wetland landscape types using Markov modeal was examined. The result showed that the change of wetland landscape structure was significant from 1996 to 2001,and the lake area decreased, and the manmade wetland area increased, and the wetland landscape pattern tended to be fragmental, and the distribution of wetland tended to be even.

Based on field survey from May 1996 to June 2003, species diversity, distribution and population sizes of rare, endangered and national key protected wetland waterfowls in Hubei province of central China were studied with direct counting and special survey. There were 45 species of these waterfowl in Hubei's wetlands, belonging to 24 genera of 9 families of 6 orders, in which 34 species were recorded. Two species,Egretta eulophotes and Ixobrychus minutus were firstly recorded in Hubei. In terms of geographical distribution types, the Palaearctic, Oriental and Cosmopolitan species numbers were 35, 8 and 2 respectively. The Palaearctic species were dominant. According to the seasonal pattern, 30 species were winter migrant, 8 were summer migrant, 5 were traveling birds and 2 species were resident. The Grallatores (23 species) were nearly equal to the Natatores (22 species). About 41.1796 ×104 individuals were estimated as the total number of these kinds of waterfowls in Hubei province. Twentythree species with 8247 individuals were the IUCN red list of threatened birds, 22 species with 3615 individuals were listed as the China red list of threatened birds,23 species with 40.6316×104 individuals were ranked the threatened birds by CITES, and 24 species with 3838 individuals were graded as the national key protected birds. Eleven species were not recorded within our investigation, and it showed that they could be extinct in the wild or critically endangered in Hubei wetlands. The result showed that Honghu, Chenhu,Longganhu, Liangzihu and Wanghu Lakes could be ascertained as the Ramsar international key wetlands in terms of 1 % criterion of the globe waterfowl geographical population.

With the use of integration of Remote Sensing and GIS and the Landsat image acquired in 1989~1990 and 1999~2000 respectively, we analyzed the area differentiation characteristics of land use change pattern in Hubei Province. The result shows that physical geography is control factor of the land use change; the Urbanizatiion and industrialization, the development of society economy and the policies of land use change are the modulate factors of it. The south, the northeast and the southeast mountainous area is the farmland, woodland and grassland region, in which they changed with each other; the suburb of Wuhan, Ezhou, Huangshi, and the area from Yichang to Shashi along the Changjiang River is the outstretched town region; Jingzhou, the lower reaches of Hanjiang River and the north hillock area is the water shrank region; Jianghan Plain is the outstretched water region. In addition, the adjustment of economy structure and the policy about land are the primary driving factors for the conversion among farmland, woodland and grassland; the advantage of economy around central cities and the traffic along river are the leading driving factors for towns outstretching; pursuing economy profit is the significant driving factor for water outstretching; the land policy is the main driving factor for water shrank.

Extensive research has been carried out to evaluate the possible environmental effect of the south to north water diversion project in Hanjiang River, and algal blooms have been the focus of these studies,with most of them being related to the river reaches between Xiantao and its joint to the Yangtze River. However,little has been carried out in the reaches upper to Shayang. In consideration of two algal blooming events in 1998 and 2003 in reaches around Zhongxiang City of Hubei Province,the reduction of water flow and the increasing content of nutrients after the implementation of south to north water diversion project will cause the water velocity and the nutrient contents suitable for the occurrence of algal blooms in the backwater area in Xinglong hinge in the period of low water 505.7 m/s)as indicated by the weighed grey associate analysis and fuzzy mathematical analysis. In the year 2020,a similar result may be expected even in the Xiangfan reach of the Hanjiang River in lower water period.

Due to increasing acceleration of both economic development and population growth, water consumption and requirement have increased greatly since the 1980s, and water shortage in northern China has become a major factor constraining economic and social development. The middle route project transfers some water from Danjiangkou reservoir, but it changes the relationship of water resource utilization in water source region when resolving water shortage problems in north China. Emphasizing sustainable water resource utilization, the analysis of the relationship between the basins and the middle route project are discussed in detail. Finally, some advices are given to ensure the sustainable utilization of water resource in the two regions.

Ninety eight soil samples of 0~20 cm topsoil and 20~40 cm bottomsoil were taken from Chengdu Plain by random method. The contents of Pb in these samples were detected. The Geoaccumulation Index was used to evaluate heavy metal contamination degree. The distributions of polluted soil and the mobility of Pb were discussed. The results show that most of the cropland soil was polluted. Only 20 samples were not polluted among the 86 samples of 0~20 cm topsoil. Among the polluted soil samples, the contamination grade is from 1 to 4, the grade of 1 and 2 is the major one, and they belong to the state of lowmedium and medium contamination grade. Each of the two major grades has 30 soil samples (accounting for 38.4% of the total soil samples) . Few samples has reached intense contamination degree. The distribution of the polluted soil was tightly contacted with the pollution source, and closed to the physical and chemical characters of soil in some degree; Pb was mostly accumulated in 0~20cm topsoil, and mobilized in the soil. The quantity was closed to the physical and chemical characters of the soil.

By using longterm climate data for dryhot valley at the upper reaches of the Min River and drywarm valley of the Yuanjiang River(the upper reaches of the Hong River), microclimate characteristics of these two valleys were analyzed and compared. In these two regions, sunshine duration was long; Annual air temperature differences were small, but monthly air temperature differences were high. Precipitation differences were greater among sites within drywarm and dryhot valleys, with obvious alternations in dry and rain seasons. Precipitation was concentrated in rain seasons. In addition, mountainvalley breeze speeds were all high, with bigger values in dry season and smaller values in rain season. However, compared to drywarm valley, higher values were observed in the sunshine duration, average air temperature and precipitation for dryhot valley. Microclimate characteristics of the two valleys were complexed and diversified. At the upside and middle part of dryhot valley, ample light and heat resource were out of harmony with insufficient water resource, which made water a primary factor to limit development. While at the upside and middle part of drywarm valley, light resource was plenty, but heat and water resource were not enough and became limiting factors. Especially at some places of middle part of drywarm valley, there was even the lack of water to influence plant growth in arid years.

The discharge of the water and sediment of the Yangtze River affect directly the evolvement of the Yangtze River delta,and even the change of material flux towards the sea. Datong station is the first interface in the Yangtze River estuary. There are nearly 50 years field data for the sediment and water discharge (1953~2001). In this paper, probability statistics and time series method such as Kendall method, order clustering method, Entropy spectral analysis were used to analyze the sediment discharge. The runoff discharge has been stable in Datong while sediment discharge has been declining obviously over the past 49 years. The change of sediment discharge decreases mainly in the form of jumping, taking on the rule of stepdown once every 16 years.In 1968 and 1984 the hopping site of step down was observed. The sediment discharge decreases greatly in Datong. After the hopping site (1984), the average sediment discharge per year decreases 26.4 % compared with the years before 1984, and even the maximum didn＇t exceed the average for years before 1984. The decline of sediment discharge is mainly related with activities of humanbeings. The main reason for sediment discharge decrease is the implementation of soil and water conservation along the Yangtze River since late 1980＇s with the effect of sediment trapping in the Yangtze drainage area.

By field investigation and laboratory analysis, the natural colonizing plants on the copper tailings and the physiochemistry properties of substrate where several pioneer communities were colonized on copper tailings derelict land in Tongling City were studied by the authors. The results showed that there were 122 species of plants, belonging to 96 genera, 30 families, which colonized on the several main copper tailings ponds. The herb plants of Gramineae, Compositae and Leguminosae are the natural pioneer plant colonizing on the copper tailings, with characteristics of stoloniferous or subterraneous stems or nitrogen fixation ability or with little seeds propagated to colonize and grow successfully on the copper tailings. The physiochemistry properties of the substrates for the plant dominant communities were improved obviously than the spots of the nonreclaimation and acid areas, namely the pH values were ameliorated and the concentration of nutrient matters such as total N,total P and organic matter increased and the concentrat of the heavy metals such as Cu decreased.

Nonpoint source pollutants from ground precipitationrunoff are the main pollutant sources in lakes. Meilin watershed is chosen to study the loss law of nonpoint pollution charge of Taihu Basin. In the course of whole precipitationrunoff, the flux and the concentration of pollutants are monitored. The mathematical model of runoff flux and nonpoint source pollutants was founded by statistical and systematical assay method. The loss law of nonpoint pollution charge of this watershed was obtained in the end, and this may be applied to study on nonpoint source pollutant of other similar watershed in Taihu Basin.

From June of 2001 to May of 2002, a one year joint study by Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS and Liyang Environmental Protection Bureau was undertaken in Tianmuhu lake. The characteristics of physical and chemical factors,their eutrophic trend and present situation of water quality and eutrophication were analyzed. The results showed that water quality decreased obviously in recent years following the increase of tourists and fishery. Thermocline turned up from March to October, and strengthened from March to May, then weakened from September to October. Water quality did not reach the second class of National surface water standard. Secci disc was in the range 0.5~2.4 m\+\{-1\} (average1.54 m-1). The annual average values of TN, TP were 0.54 mg/L and 0.003 mg/L, respectively. The average values of abundance and biomass of phytoplankton were 5.026×10\+7 cell/L and 15.36 mg/L, respectively. The lake is situated meso to mesoeutrophication and the situation may become worse in the future without effective protection measures.

In a long period, landfilling is the main way to dispose refuses in China, most of which are disposed by means of simple landfilling and dumping, resulting to a great deal of refuse dumping sites. These dumping sites are not only harmful to surrounding ecological environment, but also threaten the health of around residents.Serious aftermath can be resulted by these refuses polluted with heavy metals in dumping sites because of being disorderly pilled. Therefore, evaluation pollution degree of heavy metal in refuses will be beneficial to perform Environmental Impact Assessment of these dumping sites and put forward measures of pollution protection. In this paper, taking the Three Gorges Reservoir Area as an example, the content of heavy metals, including arsenic, lead, chrome, cadmium and Hg, were determined, and pollution degree for heavy metals in refuses were evaluated by ways of single index and integrated index methods, this providing environment protection strategies in the Three Gorges Region.

In order to prevent from the deterioration of soil fertility and the decrease of land productivity, the factors, such as rate of soil forming, the depth of soil layer and the deterioration of soil fertility, are mainly considered in previous definitions of soil loss tolerance (T). In general, the soil loss tolerance is determined on the rate of soil loss which should be less than the rate of soil forming, and under such soil loss tolerance the soil resources could be continuously renewed. However, soil erosion not only lies on human disturbance but also on natural factors. Besides the loss of soil nutrients and the decrease of soil productivity in localities where erosion occurs, a series of environmental problems may be developed far from the \{erosion\}. If the factors for improving soil quality and land productivity are merely considered while determining the soil loss tolerance, it does not suit the need of social evolvement and sustainable development of environment. Protecting and improving productive and existent environment must be regarded as important measures. Therefore, a new concept of soil loss tolerance proposed in the paper is based on the previously mentioned cognition. To determin the soil loss tolerance, ecological and environmental impacts should be taken into account. When sediment, which carried nutrients such as total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), enters into water bodies, the content of TN and TP increase in water and the water is polluted. Based on the contribution of nutrients loss due to soil loss to total input pollutant entering Taihu Lake the method for determining soil loss tolerance is set up under the water quality restriction. Then a general method for determining soil loss tolerance is further discussed.

Using grid and the hierarchical sampling method to distribute the places where these samplings were gathered, the spatial variation analysis for Nitrate content of 76 sampls for groundwater in Chengdu Plain was studied by Ordinary Kriging and Probability Kriging which are both geostatistical methods. The results show that Nitrate content (expressed with NO\-3\+-) of groundwater is as a whole lower at present, but in some areas it exceeds criterion, about 12 percent of areas did not reached the drinking water quality criterion (less than 10 mg/L) prescribed by WHO, approximately 5 percent not at the drinking water quality criterion (less than 20 mg/L) prescribed by the Chinese government. The obvious distribution character of Nitrate content of groundwater is the north area (7.38 mg/L) > the east area (5.72 mg/L) > the west area (3.91 mg/L) > the south area(1.51 mg/L); The Nitrate content in groundwater in three counties, Pengzhou, Pixian and Xindu, located in the north of Chengdu Plain is likely to surpass the criterion mentioned above, with the probability varying from 0.25 to 0.50, However, in Dayi county, Dujiangyan city located in the northwest of the Chengdu Plain, including Shuangliu county located in the south of the plain much little, the probability is less than 0.05. At the same time, a conclusion can be drawn that the ordinary Kriging represents spatial variation characteristic of Nitrate content, and the other method can preferably reflect the hazard extent of pollution arisen by using Nitrate fertilizer.

The reaction of esterase (EST) isozyme, glycogen (Gn) and total protein (TPr) of snails to the extracts of Nerium indicum Mill, Pterocarya stenoptera DC and Rumex japonicum Houtt was studied. EST electrophoresis shows EST is an important antidotal enzyme system and reacts strong to environment. EST changes greatly during the whole treating period and can be viewed as pathological index of toxicity. Extracts can decrease glycogen content greatly. Many factors can affect the glycogen metabolism in snails. The decrease may be due to their effects to liver, alimentary canal or enzyme. Extracts can also decrease protein content, but not so greatly as to glycogen. It shows that energy metabolism abnormity is the major reason for the molluscicidal activities of extracts. The biochemical mechanism needs further research. The molluscicidal activity was explored from microcosmic aspect. The research will provide theoretical foundation for constructing artificial phytocoenos against snails.

Current situation of garbage disposal and its harmfulness are reviewed, and potential value containing in garbage is analyzed in this paper. It is necessary to find a new method for garbage disposal. Compared to existent methods, landfill method of garbage block has its characters, which includes classification throwing, collection and predispose of garbage that make garbage disposal classification; use of reclaimable street collection that make garbage disposal resource; shatter,dehydration and press packing of garbage street collection that make garbage disposal decrease; disinfection and classification stack that attribute to classification administer and supervise of garbage field and make garbage disposal harmlessness; recycle, compost, burning and landfill that make garbage disposal synthesis; exploitation and use of garbage field that make garbage disposal environmental protection. Harmlessness, decrease, resource and market can be realized by use of this method. Landfill method of garbage block has extensive prospect of application.

Landsurface subsidence is one of major geological calamities in many cities around the world. It is a phenomenon caused by many factors that surface altitude lowers slowly. Three cities:Suzhou,Wuxi and Changzhou(SWC) lie in the core of Tailake basin which is one of the most developed area in China. Due to continuous economic development, rapid increase of population and accelerated urbanization, especially groundwater withdrawal, largescale and serious surface subsidence occurs, and threatens sustainable survival and development in these cities. On the basis of investigating surface subsidence and its effect on the cities ,this article analyzes its forming and predicts the consequence. From the need of economical and social development and ecological environment protection, and by means of law, economy, technology and management, it puts forward suggestions and countermeasures for controlling surface subsidence through taking the path of newtype industrialization, accelerating the pace of economic restructure, prohibiting overexploitation of groundwater and economizing the use of groundwater.