In this paper,environmental equality includes both, one is based on natural resource endowment and another is based on economic output.The environmental pressure indicator was constructed to express the former one while the environmental Ginicoefficient and green contribution coefficient were constructed to present the latter one.According to the data of the economic development level and pollution discharge of 2004,the environmental pressure indicators,the environmental Ginicoefficients and green contribution coefficients were calculated based on COD and SO2 discharge of each cities in the Yangtze River Delta.According to the hierarchical cluster analysis,the conclusions are:1) According to the environmental equality based on natural resource endowment,Shanghai faces the highest environmental pressure,and,the cities of Jiangsu Province face higher pressures than those of Zhejiang.2) According to the environmental equality based on economic output,the environmental Ginicoefficient and green contribution coefficient of COD and SO₂ discharge within the Yangtze River Delta is 0.17 and 0.13 respectively.Compared to that of the whole country,the Yangtze River Delta realizes the higher level equilibrium and 3) Within the Yangtze River Delta,the ecoefficiencies of Zhengjiang and Taizhou are relatively lower and need more improvement.Finally,authors suggest that environmental pressures should be reasonably distributed on the regional level and the ecoefficiencies should be raised through sustainable comparisons, therefore the environmental protection integration of the Yangtze River Delta could be achieved.

For China’s economic development and social harmony 〖JP2〗to achieve sustainability,energy consumption〖JP〗 plays an important role.But theoretically the relationship between those two is not clear and definite.In this paper,through matlab 70 software with EMD method,the authors analyzed the intrinsic relationship between annual growth rate of energy consumption and GDP growth rate from 1954 to 2007,which reflected the dynamic relationship between the economic growth and energy consumption growth and provided a new research method for a long time sequence to study the dynamic changes.Through the method of EMD,the fluctuations or trends in the different time level were unbundled to produce a series of different characteristics of the intrinsic mode functions and the system had the evolution curves on a different time scale,which could be as a special solution to the system.Based on the data analysis of nearly 54 years by the method of 〖JP2〗EMD for our country,results show that:(1) The growth of our energy consumption〖JP〗 consists of four 〖WTBX〗IMF〖WTBZ〗 weights and one trend item.The GDP growth consists of three 〖WTBX〗IMF〖WTBZ〗 weights and one trend item.(2) In the short cycle of highfrequency fluctuations,energy consumption and economic growth is highly consistent.(3) For the medium scale of cycle fluctuations,energy consumption performs a certain lag, the average lag is one to three years.(4) For the large scale cycle fluctuations,economic growth performs a certain lag,the average lag is three to 〖JP2〗five years, showing that the energy expresses a stipulation〖JP〗 to economy.

The fragile ecoenvironment requires a sustainable development in tourism activities.Different assessments of the same tourism area owing to standard deviation would to some extent influence the precise evaluation of ecotourism sustainability in this area.However the adoption of indicators in evaluation model can reflect the differences mentioned above and lead to a precise result.Taking Jiuzhaigou,the world natural heritage site,as a case,this article probed into the relationship between the three key factors in tourism namely resources,community and tourism so as to construct an evaluation model of ecotourism sustainability.Meanwhile this paper suggests the implement of Delphi Method in indicators and the importance of both the interviews and questionnaires carried out by the tourism administration, which can be used as a test to the evaluation.As a conclusion,this paper points out the comprehensive evaluation model is of great help to the sustainable development administration and could be practiced in other destinations.

Taking the Landsat TM/ETM+images of Wuxi City in 1991，1996，2001 and 2005 as the data source，this paper used the improved band combination threshold extraction to 〖JP2〗extract the spatial information of urban builtup in Wuxi City.Then the result was corrected referring〖JP〗 to the land use classification map in drainage area of Lake Taihu.By overlaying of four classified images，the law of spatial distribution of urban expansion in Wuxi City from 1991 to 2005 were researched.Result indicates that the overall expansion of Wuxi has increased continually since 1991.In particularly，after 2000，urban expansion had a rapid development.At the same time，Wuxi showed an uneven development of spatial expansion.The spatial expansion mainly included two typical expansion modes which were centralized flaky development and axial expansion.The mostly direction of urban expansion in Wuxi was along the centerline of ChangzhouWuxiSuzhou and encircle the Lake Taihu.Meanwhile，the speed of expansion in southeast and east was the fastest.Combining with the data of socioeconomic and humanities，the impact of urban expansion by population and economic development was analyzed too.The results show that population growth and economic developments are two important factors which impact on the urban expansion of Wuxi City.

Based on the statistical data over the past 30 years (1978~2007)，〖JP〗the dynamic change of cultivated land in 〖JP2〗Anhui Province was quantitatively analyzed by using the 〖JP〗statistical method.The methods of correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used for discussing the relationship between the cultivated land change and food security.The results indicates that:（1）The total area of cultivated land and per capita cultivated land has a decreasing trend year after year basically.The average decrement rate per year of the total area and per capita cultivated land is 0.24% and 1.15% respectively.（2）The total and per capita grain output have increased trend year after year basically.But the fluctuation in them is also very remarkable，so delivery pressure of food security in Anhui Province is still higher in the future.（3）It is a significant correlative relationship between total grain yield and the grain yield of per hectare，multiple cropping index，also between the annual gradient of grain yield and cultivate area，planted grain area.The results of this paper can give some references for protection and utilization of cultivated land in Anhui Province.

In this paper based on the survey of households in two counties in Hubei Province,the Logistic regressive model was set up to analyze factors affecting the households’ willingness in rural residential land transfer.The results showed that the proportion of households who were willing to transfer residential land was slightly higher than 50%.According to the extent of affecting the willingness of households,the factors were the proportion of nonagricultural income to total revenue,the distance to county town centre,the households’ comprehension about policy,the age of the householder,the schoolage of the householder respectively.The impact of the factors such as the distance to 〖JP2〗county town centre,the age of the householder〖JP〗 was negative,and other impacts were positive.From a regional perspective,nonagricultural income of household played a leading role;the mobility of rural households was strong;in developing regions the proportion of households who were willing to transfer was higher than that of less developed regions;regional differentiation affected the households’ willingness and their effect degree. 

According to the landuse statistics and the socioeconomic data from 1999 to 2007,the dynamic evolution of Liangping County’s landuse structure was exemplified based on the information entropy principle and Markov transfer matrix model.The results show that the information entropy 〖WTBX〗H〖WTBZ〗 of Liangping County’s landuse structure has gone through three stages,that is,1999～2002 continual rising stage and 2002～2003 sharply decreasing stage and 2003～2007 fluctuating stage.Meanwhile,the disorderly development tendency of the landuse structure is not obvious;the change in the degree of balance and dominance is similar to information entropy.The types of land have been mainly transferred from cultivated land to woodland,land for traffic,land for residential settlements and industry mining.The political and economic policies,which have an effect on the evolution of landuse structure in Liangping County,have been analyzed qualitatively.The main driving factor to economic society has been discussed by means of the principal component analytical method.Through the above analysis,it would be concluded that the main driving forces affecting the dynamic evolution of the county’s landuse structure are political and economic policies and economic development.Finally,a future development orientation for Liangping County has been made,referring to the analytical results,that is,distinctive agricultural county,focusing on the development of agriculture and forestry products processing as well as cultural ecotourism.

Land Use Planning conducts an assessment of its potential impacts on the environment to avoid the adverse environmental impacts of land use restructuring when the land use planning is implemented. This has just started and the paradigm has not appeared.The intent of this paper is to build a method adapting environmental impact of land use planning.In this paper the method which links combined index to harmony degree was chosen to assess environmental impact of land use planning in Bijie region and the environmental impact assessment index system of land use planning was built.Results show that the impact on environment of land use planning in Bijie region is moderate and the planning has to be ameliorated by proper means.The conclusion is that combined index and harmony degree can be well used to assess potential impacts on environment,society and economy when the land use planning is implemented. Moreover this method provides some useful reference for other environmental impact assessment methods of land use planning.

SouthtoNorth Water Diversion Project receiving the whole society attention is a strategic foundation subject in our country.Study of the natural environment quality of its water source area is the foundation for SouthtoNorth project smooth implementation,it also has the significant reference value and the practice significance.This article took Shaanxi water source area of the Middle Route of SouthtoNorth Water Transfer as the object,selected evaluating indicator,utilized the AHP decision analysis method,built up the environmental quality evaluation system hierarchical structure model based on onthespot investigation and consultation.Its target weight was revised with information entropy method.And then through fuzzy comprehensive assessment method,combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis,the local natural environment quality synthetic evaluation results were obtained.The evaluation result shows that the natural environment quality of water source area is ordinary,it still requires further improvement.In order to ensure the smooth implementation of SouthtoNorth Water Transfer Project,and promote sustainable development of water resources,it should take effective measures to resolve the existing problems affecting the quality of the environment as soon as possible.

Based on the daily maximum and minimum temperature,monthly precipitation from 11 meteorological stations in Shanghai and the West Pacific subtropical high area and intensity index,the climatic characteristics and its effecting factors of high and low temperature in Shanghai were analyzed.From 1873 to 2007,the high temperature days showed lessmorelessmore interdecadal variability,and the low temperature days showed moreless interdecadal variability.In the period from 2001 to 2007,Shanghai had the most high temperature days and the least low temperature days,the most numbers and days of high temperature process and the least numbers and days of low temperature process in the past 135 years.In the period from 1960 to 2007,annual high temperature days were positively correlated with the summer area and intensity index of West Pacific subtropical high significantly.Annual low temperature days were negatively correlated with the winter area and intensity index of West Pacific subtropical high significantly.Precipitation has some alleviation for the extreme temperature.Annual high temperature days were negatively correlated with the summer precipitation in Shanghai,and annual low temperature days were also negatively correlated with the winter precipitation from 1960 to 2007.Urbanization has more influence on the high temperature process than it on the low temperature process.The difference of high temperature process between urban and suburb area was obvious,but the difference of low temperature process was less.
 

On the basis of the monthly sunshine duration data for the period 1961～2007 collected from 68 meteorological observation stations over Tibetan Plateau (TP) and by the methods of statistics analysis,the characteristics of interdecadal variation of the annual sunshine duration over TP were analyzed. The results of our research may lead to the following conclusions:The condition of annual sunshine duration over eastern and southern region of TP was in a poor state and the annual sunshine duration was abundant in western of TP.The variation trend of the annual sunshine duration over TP displayed a remarkable regional difference. The annual sunshine duration obviously decreased over southeastern,southwestern and central regions of TP and north of Qinghai Province,but obviously increased over western and central regions of TP and the southern of Qinghai Province.The interdecadal variation of the annual sunshine duration over TP is also remarkable.The annual sunshine duration increase region and decrease region appeared the remarkable period of 12.1a and 21.1a periodic oscillations,respectively.The annual sunshine duration of increase region raised from 1960s to 1980s then descended from 1990s to the beginning of the 21st century.The annual sunshine duration decrease region raised in 1960s and 1970s then descended in 1990s,and it reached to the bottom in the early 21st century.The spatial differences of annual sunshine duration over TP between each decade are also obvious.

Characteristics and responses of local climatic changes under the background of global warming had become a research focus.Xingwen County is a typical rocky desertification area of the Northern Slope of YunnanGuizhou Plateau;its precipitation variation can reflect the trends of the climate change of this area.Based on the Morlet continuous wavelet transformation of annual and seasonal precipitation during 1959～2007 in Xingwen,there is a decreasing trend in general,and multiscale fluctuation with diverse variances in different season.The variation period of precipitation in spring and summer is relatively longer with over 9 years,and that in autumn,winter and annual is shorter with less 6 years.At present，the Xingwen County is at the late stage of abundant precipitation,but will be less in the coming years.The decreasing trend will aggravate the imbalance between supply and demand of regional water resource,bring the adverse effect on agricultural production,increase the fragility of the ecosystem and influence the development of Karst,and promote the rocky desertification finally.

In April 2007，the primary investigation of 7 months on the population and habitat of Paa boulengeri distributed in Kangxian County，Longnan City，Gansu Province was carried out.It shows that from April out of hibernation to the breeding peak in August，the individuals of population increased obviously，and the number decreased gradually towards the residence of human.The comprehensive survey and visit confirmed that the number was getting fewer，each plaque with small populations.The main factor influencing the population is human activity，such as killing by local resident on a large scale，pollution by farm chemical and fertilizer，waste water from metallurgy factory and waste residue etc.，which brought the loss or degradation of habitat.The living scale of Paa boulengeri descended toward the residence of human.Therefore，the protecting policy should be strengthened for the continuous living of the unique species in the south of Gansu Province.

In this paper，using the transport network density，traffic impacts on the level of trunk and location advantages，30 counties (districts) of the heavy disaster area of Wenchuan Earthquake were selected to analyze traffic accessibility in preearthquake，and provide reference for the reconstruction of the heavy disaster area.The data show that Fucheng District of Mianyang City gets the highest traffic accessibility.The lowest is in Songpan County，which is only 1/5 of that in Fucheng District.So there is a significant gap among counties.The analysis indicates that there is great diversity in the spatial distribution of traffic accessibility in the heavy disaster areas with a trend of decreasing from the center of the city to its periphery，also from the plain area to the plateau region.Those regions with traffic main trunk line have higher traffic accessibility than other places.The traffic accessibility of this area is characterized by the strap configuration.By analyzing the relation of economic development and traffic accessibility in this area，it is found that the economic development levels in the heavy disaster areas have something to do with the spatial distribution diversity there.That is，the area with higher economic development level the traffic accessibility is higher，and vice versa.From a quantitative view，a remarkable exponential function relationship is also found between the economic development level and traffic accessibility.

In this paper，the grade of water ecosystem security in Poyang Lake was confirmed by analyzing social economical and water ecological information，using PressureStateResponse (PSR) model，AHP and Composite index methods.Results showed that the indicators such as sanitary sewage processing rate，chemical fertilizer quantity，million GDP water consumption，water quality in Poyang Lake and 〖WTBX〗Oncomelania acreage，etc，had considerable influence on water ecosystem in Poyang Lake.The water ecosystem security value in Poyang Lake in 2005 was 0513 3，which meant “basically safe”.And the value would be 0565 1 in 2010 according to the prediction，higher than that in 2005 but still belonged to “basically safe”.In the near future，the water ecosystem security value in Poyang Lake would fluctuate within “basically safe”.With the social economical development of the lake surrounding area and the increasing environmental pressure，the changing trend of water ecosystem security in Poyang Lake would not be optimistic if the protection efforts are maintained at the present level.Lack of response measures to environmental pressure and deficiency of active awareness and action to protect water ecosystem are the main reasons that lead to the low security grade in Poyang Lake.

A study case for retrieving trophic level index of water body of lakes in Wuhan，Hubei Province，using CBERS2 images data was presented.The aim of this study is to evaluate the probability of CBERS2 images data on estimating the eutrophic level of inland water.At first step，the “real” TLI (both aggregative trophic level index (TLI) and revision carlson index (TSIM)) at the observation spots of some lakes in Wuhan were calculated using the monitoring water quality data.In the mean time，the mean grey values of a 9×9 pixels sampling window for band1band4 at the corresponding spots were obtained and calculated from the CBERS2 image which had been taken radiometric calibration and geometric correction beforehand.After that，an experience inversion model for TLI had been built through multivariate regression using the mean grey values of each band as independent variables.Finally，the TLI of all water bodies were inversed with this model and a map for its spatial distribution was drawn up.Results demonstrate that there are good correlation relationships between the natural logarithm values of TLI and spectral reflectance of CBERS2 image，the square regression coefficients (R2）is about 0.51.The distribution of inversed TLI of the lakes fixes the reality quite well.This might provide us a cheap way for monitoring inland water quality since CBERS2 images data can be obtained freely from many data delivering centers in China.

With the support of ARCGIS and landscape pattern analysis software FRACSTATS 33，the landscape spatial patterns of the karst areas experiencing different intensity of  anthropogenic activities in Huanjiang of Guangxi Province were analyzed on the landscape level and the class level.The results showed that landscape types of Huanjiang County presented unevenness tendencies，and forest was the landscape matrix.Gradient analysis with the landscapelevel index showed that，with the decrease of anthropogenic activity，the landscape in anthropogenic activity zone was becoming less fragmented，landscape shape was becoming more complicated，and landscape aggregation degree was becoming higher.Gradient analysis with the classlevel index showed that，the landscape spatial patterns of the main landscape types in the study area could reflect the gradient variation well，especially the percentage of landscape，fractal dimension index and fragmentation index，whereas the gradient difference of aggregation index and connectivity index were relatively low.Gradient variations in landscape pattern along anthropogenic activities were clearly presented，and this would be useful to supply fine ground and knowledge for exploiting resources reasonably and establishing sustainable development plan in the study area.

According to the disturbing mechanism explaining how the construction of hydro junction affects the nearby environment， the comprehensive indicator system to evaluate ecological system was brought forward， RBF Neural Network was used to establish the ecological system comprehensive evaluation model in disturbed construction area of hydro junction， and  the paper took Nierji Hydro Junction as an example to do comprehensive evaluation in its disturbed construction area.Evaluation results showed that all the indicators have fallen below the lowest point during the construction period， especially the social progress indicators and landscape ecological indicators.These two indicators had the largest increase rate during the recovery process.Although the natural ecological environment has the strong stability， it is difficult to restore when outside interference exceeds the affordability of its own.RBF ecological evaluation model for disturbed construction area of hydro junction can evaluate the ecological status to provide the theoretical basis for ecological restoration and reconstruction，predict and evaluate state after treatment，and also provide a useful reference for other watercontrol project construction interference district ecological restoration and reconstruction/