Energy plays an important role in the socioeconomic development.With dramatic increase of the energy consumption,imbalance of supply and demand and environmental issues have become increasingly prominent,and the study of energy intensity change is important for sustainable development.In this paper,the impact of industrial structure and industrial efficiency on energy intensity in Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province was analyzed by Laspeyres decomposition method.Results indicate that energy intensity of Anhui Province is higher than that of Jiangsu Province,but the gap is gradually getting smaller.Difference of energy intensity between two provinces will be convergence in the future based on Rescaled Range Analysis (R/S).In Jiangsu Province,industry structure development play a positive role in decreasing energy intensity,but the process has been volatility;industry efficiency can reduce energy intensity during 1995~2007.Industry structure can increase energy intensity in Anhui Province,and the trend is increasing.Industry efficiency can reduce energy intensity during the same time;the effect is larger than that in Jiangsu Province.Therefore,the input into the less developed areas or areas of relatively high energy intensity,as the same in developed areas,can make rapid success in reducing energy intensity.

Development status of every city in the “two circles” areas,namely,Wuhan urban circle (WUC) and western Hubei ecoculture tourism circle (WEC),was evaluated by calculating sustainable development index (SDI〖WTBZ〗).According to average increasing rate of 9 years’ ecological capacity of biological resource (ECBR) per capita,average increasing rate of population and average increasing rate of ratio between ecological footprint and ecological capacity (〖WTBX〗fcr〖WTBZ〗),the development status were predicted from now to the next 44 years.The results showed that:(1)by the end of 2006,biological resource exploitation in more than half of Hubei province exceeded the ecological capacity,resulting in decrease of ECBR per capita,scarcity of the 〖JP2〗biological resources and nonsustainable development status of〖JP〗 this area;(2) ecological footprint of biological resource (EFBR) exceeded 50% of the ECBR in WUC;(3) the SDI〖WTBZ〗 of Xiangfan (XF),Jingzhou (JZ) and Jingmen (JM),which had a larger population and higher EFBR,were lower than that of any other city in WEC,and the SDI〖WTBZ〗 of Shennongjia is the lowest in WEC;(4) WUC had a faster growth of 〖WTBX〗fcr〖WTBZ〗,which reflect the sustainable development status directly,a negative growth of the ECBR per capita and better population control;(5) WEC had a slower growth of 〖WTBX〗fcr〖WTBZ〗,a negative growth of the ECBR per capita whose increasing rate was larger than that of Hubei and WUC,and worse population control;(6) in accordance with the existing development model,the development of both WUC and WEC would be nonsustainable in near future,therefore,scientific and longterm development plan should be made according to each present development status.

Involuntary resettlements 〖JP2〗duo to grand hydroprojects are the consequence of urbanization.Therefore,〖JP〗the issue should be analyzed,resolved in the context of urbanization.The metropolitan area in the east China should be one of major bases for resettlements duo to hydroprojects.There is possibility to move these migrants out,either the ecological condition and socialeconomic development in the areas from which migrants come (“pull” side),or the demand for labor in the metropolitan area in the eastern China (“push” side).There are a lot of researches dealing with these two sides respectively.The purpose of this paper tries to link the two sides and provide an operational measure through an integrated perspective to synthesize these references.Through the case of Longtan Reservoir,a package of welfare policies and a financial evaluation in the extreme condition (full urban resettlement for all agricultural migrants) are provided to show that full resettlement in the context of urbanization is also sufficient.The package of welfare is made of social security,9 year financial aid for children education,and low renting housing system.Based on the analysis,some issues are further discussed:nonagricultural resettlement for agricultural migrants,threshold for admission to obtain urban identification (Hukou) and low renting housing system,professional and employment training for migrants,and shifts from two different resettlement ways (nonagricultural and agricultural).

Understanding the characteristics of spatial 〖JP2〗differentiation in the basin is a key to make a scientific〖JP〗 decision and promote sustainable basin economic development.Based on 10 economic indices in the main countries and cities which Jialing River flows through，this paper calculates the general score of basin economic level by using SPSS，and analyzes the spatial differences of basin economic level by means of  spatial analysis provided by Geoda.The analysis shows that there are great  differences in the economic level，and the geographical concentration exists in the basin economic.A “pointaxis” spatial structure has been basically formed，and there are two economic hot spot，that is “MianyangChongqing” dualnuclei zone，as well as a economic blind zone which is a border district at the junction of Shanxi，Gansu and Sichuan province.Based on the status of the spatial differentiation of Jialing River basin,this article gives the main reasons for the  differentiation and puts forward several proposals on hot spot and blind zone,in order to prevent the acceleration of the “polarization” effect,and to provide evidence for the harmonious development of basin economic  

In order to explore the present situation of fish species composition,we surveyed fish by using bottom trawl net,tide net, stake net and gill net in Nature Reserve of 〖WTBX〗Acipenser sinensis〖WTBZ〗 and adjacent waters in the Yangtze River estuary between 2004 and 2008.A total 105 fish species were collected,belonging to 18 orders,43 families and 86 genera.The fish species composition was mainly comprised of Perciformes and Cypriniformes.Freshwater and marine ecological guilds were both 37 species,and there were 25 species of estuarine fishes and 6 species of migration fishes.The fish species composition can be regarded as a transitional type between the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the East China Sea.Most species were benthivorous,detritivorous, zooplanktivorous,and there are few piscivorous species.Compared to the presurvey data,we found that diversity of fish species in the study area decreased to some extent,and some important species had disappeared.By the reason of diversity of species,typical character of estuarine fish fauna,uniqueness national protected fishes,highly scientific research values,and the  vulnerable ecosystem facing with serious threat,conserving Natural Reserve of 〖WTBX〗Acipenser sinensis〖WTBZ〗 in the Yangtze River estuary is very important.

In order to evaluate the possible ecological risks of transgenic common carp,the present work primarily studied the effects of ‘allfish’ GH transgenic common carp (〖 Cyprinus carpio  L.) on benthic macroinvertebrate structure and biodiversity in an isolation lake during a twoyear period.The main results showed that species richness,abundance,the standing crops and biodiversity of the benthic macroinvertebrate community decreased at different degree after introducing of transgenic fish.The total species composition of benthic macroinvertebrate decreased from 65 to 36,total density from 4973ind/m2 to 3707 ind/m2.However,the total biomass (wet weight) increased from 77136 g/m2 to 97558 g/m2.Oneway AVONA indicated that taxa richness of Oligochaeta,Trichoptera and Chironomidae,density of Oligochaeta,Trichoptera and Gastropoda,and biomass of Trichoptera showed significantly decreased.Instead of  Parafossarulus striatulus  and  Branchiura sowerbyi,Chaoborus sp.and  Bellamya  sp.became the dominant taxa.Biodiversity indices (Margalef’s,Simpson and ShannonWiener index) and species richness decreased 19%~44% and 38%,respectively and Kdominate curves also showed that biodiversity decreased after introducing of transgenic fish.It might be true that the difference of pressure of predation,prey preference and prey sizeselection between transgenic fish and common carp play important roles in changing benthic macroinvertebrate community and biodiversity.However,further works should be carried out to conform to our preliminary result.
 

A total number of 8 open top chamber (OTC) experiments were carried out in East Beach of Chongming Island of Shanghai in March 2008.The effects of elevated temperature (ET) on the growth,reproduction and biomass allocation of reclamation Phragmites australis were examined in November 2008.The results showed that plant height increased significantly,but the stem diameter did not change significantly in response to the ET.Leaf length,leaf width and leaf area increased significantly,the leaf lengthwidth ratio and the leaf mass ratio (LMR) did not change significantly,and the leaf area ratio (LAR),the specific leaf area (SLA) decreased significantly under the ET compared with the control.We found that the individual number of flower,flowering rate,height of inflorescence,length of flower stalk,flower number and seed number deceased significantly under ET.Meanwhile,the ET inhibited 〖WTBX〗P.australis reproduction.In addition,the biomass of different layers in aerial part,root,stem and leaf increased significantly,but the biomass of flower reduced significantly under the ET.But the effects of the ET on the biomass of different layers of root were different.The biomass of upper layer increased significantly,the middle layer decreased significantly,and the lower layer did not change significantly.We further found that the proportion root biomass and flower biomass decreased significantly,but the proportion of stem biomass and leaf biomass rose significantly under the ET.

An estimation model of vegetation net primary production (NPP) based on remote sensing data and climatic data was presented on the support of GIS,with which,the NPP of terrestrial vegetation in the Upper Yangtze River Basin in 1981~2000 was estimated,the interannual variation patterns of the NPP and its responses to climatic factors were studied. The results showed that all the terrestrial vegetation types presented an increasing annual NPP in 1981~2000 except crop,with the greatest increment for coniferous forests.It was possible that the NPP had distinct variation due to artificial factors.The distributions of annual precipitation and temperature were quite similar to annual NPP,with increment from northwest to southeast.The interannual correlation between NPP and precipitation or temperature was weak as a whole.The area of regions where correlation coefficient was above 0.2 occupied for nearly 50% of total area.Their distributing presented complementary relationship.The area of regions where correlation coefficient was below -0.2 was small.The driving roles (intension or direction) of the climatic factors (precipitation and temperature) varied with location.
 

On the basis of previous research on agriculture land intensive use level evaluation methods and agricultural products market accessibility evaluation methods,agriculture land intensive use level and agricultural products consumption market accessibility level of counties along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province in 2007 were calculated and their relationship was analyzed by mathematical statistics method.The research conclusion could be summarized by two main points.Firstly,there was obvious spatial difference of the comprehensive evaluation value of agriculture land intensive use and agricultural products consumption market accessibility among counties along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province,and their rank correlation coefficient was 0361,which implied significant correlation under the confidence level of 005.Accordingly,there was a weak spatial corresponding relationship between agriculture land intensive use level and agricultural products consumption market accessibility of counties along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province.Secondly,under the conditions of modern market economy, the direct influence degree of agriculture consumption market accessibility on agriculture land intensive use level decreased not only as the explicitly reduction of transportation cost from agriculture production area to agricultural products consumption market area as the rapid development of transportation of counties along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province,but also as the emergence of new factors that affected agriculture land intensive use spatial distribution,such as the closely relationship between agricultural products and light industry, agricultural products specialization,and cultivated land conversion under rapid economic development of counties along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province.Therefore,the practical significance of the Thunen Agriculture Location Theory,which described the spatial distribution pattern of the agriculture land intensive use level and agricultural products consumption market accessibility as“agricultural products market accessibilityagricultural land intensive use level”,had been descended explicitly under the modern market economy environment.

C5.0 Decision Tree is capable of discovering structural information in data,and building tree intuitively and intelligibly,thus it can be used to obtain transformation rules of cellular automata(CA).In this paper,we gave out a CA Model based on C5.0 Decision Tree,analyzed theories and principles,and buildup method of this kind of models.And then,taking city land use change of Hangzhou City as a case,we got land use change rules from historical land use data and its factors by using C5.0 Decision Tree.Combining this rules and CA model,we simulated and predicted land use changes in Hangzhou City.Results show:(1)by C5.0 Decision Tree,we could get more accurate rules under lower sampling rate;(2)comparing with other rulesgetting methods,rules are clear and explicit in C5.0 Decision Tree,so it’s suitable to get CA rules;(3)we could get higher accuracy and more reliable result by using land use change CA Model based on C5.0 to simulate land use change.
 

The option value is an important part of the nonuse value in the area of resource science.In order to evaluate the total value of farmland and study the option value of ruralurban land conversion further，this paper reviews international and domestic academic literature on option value，and analyses the development and the trend of the recent research on option value by methods of documentation and induction.The study shows that the achievements of the option value are different，and the study emphasis is different at home and abroad.Domestic scholars have studied option value，existence value and bequest value as a whole.The content is single and the method is qualitative mainly.The international scholars focus on the option value individually.The content of their researches includes the concept，connotation and estimation method.They also apply the option value into a series of realistic problems such as whether to protect the resources or whether to invest and so on.It shows that the international researches on option value appear more mature.Our scholars should extract the foreign experience and study the foreign achievement，in order to apply it into our research on the evaluation of the land and establish the theoretical base for the decision of ruralurban land conversion.

It’s a challenge to protect architectural heritage in the ecological sensitive area because of the environmental complex.In the existing architectural heritage protection planning，the characteristics of ecological sensitive area with its leading and precondition to protection district，space pattern and heritages protection strategies have been neglected，instead with consideration from the view of heritagebased values.The issues are rechecked from the views of architectural heritage protection in ecological sensitive area，and the planning processes and technique methods based on the integrity and relativity about architecture and special environment are rethought.A planning framework is raised based on the intergrity consideration of heritage and environment，at the same time，the environmental planning in the protection planning is inverted from a single and simple functional plan to a series of planning link dominated by ecology.The amendment and complement are emphasized from environmental impact assessment to protection district dominated by heritages assessment in the special background of ecological sensitive area.At last，the concept was verified with the example of Zhijiang site protection planning.

In view of the characteristics of present ecological meteorology service and the requirements of operation，a ground observation，analysis and evaluation system written in c and c++ language for ecological meteorology have been established.The designed goal，principle and the structure of this system，the main function and technical methods，etc are introduced.The swap files output from the program can be statistic analyzed in detail，and a series of graphics drawing methods such as contours plots and region shaded plots were also provided.The AVHRR and EOS/MODIS satellite remote sensing (RS) data can be processed.The interpretation，classifying and quality control of meteorological observations could be carried out.The program was designed to analyze index of water density，moisture index，vegetation index，land degradation，disaster index and ecological meteorology and evaluation index etc.In this program，the products of ecological meteorology monitor evaluation were exported in the form of figure or image，and the effective organization and management of the satellite remote sensing data and ground observation data of eclogical meteorology could be realized.The system has been applied on ecological meteorology and evaluation service of Hunan Province，and the result indicated its perfect service practicability.

Annual distribution of precipitation was concerned with flow recharge situation.Nonuniformity of precipitation was the primary cause of flooddrought disasters in monsoon climate zone.Based on the daily precipitation data of 84 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2005 over the Huaihe river basin，provided by Climate Center of Henan Province and National Meteorological Information Center，China Meteorological Administration，precipitation nonuniformity，including nonuniformity coefficient，concentration degree，concentration period and flooddrought 〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗index were calculated and analyzed.The results showed that the annual distribution of precipitation in the Huaihe river Valley was distinctly heterogeneous，especially in the north area.Compared with the south of Huaihe river basin,the precipitation of north was not abundant，which aggravated the drought of the north in Huaihe river basin.The nonuniformity distribution of precipitation varied distinctly between years——variation of upstream was more distinct than that of downstream；furthermore，variation tendency of the north was different with that of the south，and the amplitude of variations was also different.The concentration period of precipitation were delayed gradually from south to north，and precipitation concentration period was consistent with the main flood season time.Variation of precipitation 〖JP2〗concentration period in the south was much more obvious than that of the north——the precipitation of south Huaihe river varied visible，while the precipitation of north was smoother.The flooddrought was significantly related to the precipitation concentration degree in the most area of Huaihe river basin.

Aquaculture ponds produce aquatic products for human being，and can regulate the microclimates through evaporation of the ponds and transpiration of the surrounding vegetation.Accurate assessments on the ecosystem services value can help stockholders correctly measure the contribution of the industry to the society，provide a scientific basis for proper decision and further study in the field of evaluation of pond aquaculture ecosystem.Taking Dianshan Lake in Qingpu District，one of the water conservation areas in Shanghai，as the study area，based on the observed data and the relevant statistical data，this paper quantitatively analyzed the ecosystem service value of the microclimate regulation.The result showed that this ecosystem service value in the water conservation area was approximately 179.4 million yuan/a (18343767 yuan/(hm2a)).This value varied significantly with the change of the seasons.

Quantitative analysis of influencing factors on chemical form of soil Cu in Kunshan City of Jiangsu Province was carried out.The results show that：(1)Content of soil available Cu is 837 mg/kg，content of soil total Cu is 2743 mg/kg，available rate of soil Cu is 3102%.(2)Content of soil Cu among different chemical form is residue>bound to organic matter>bound to iron and manganese oxides>bound to carbonates and exchangeable.Residue content is obviously higher than the content of others，it gets to 4783%，and proportion of Cu bound to organic matter is relatively higher，it gets to 3609%.(3)The pH value is most important for the content of soil exchangeable Cu，and they get extremely significant positive correlation level.Content of total Cu is most important for the content bound to carbonates，bound to iron and manganese oxides，bound to organic matter，and residue content，and they also get extremely significant positive correlation level.(4)Content of soil total Cu is important for the content of soil exchangeable Cu，and they get significant positive correlation level.The pH value is relatively important for the content of soil Cu bound to carbonates.CEC is important for the content of soil Cu bound to iron and manganese oxides.Content of organic matter is important for the content of soil Cu bound to organic matter，and they get extremely significant positive correlation level.Content of soil clay less than 001 mm is important for the content of soil residue Cu.

Based on the annual water quality monitoring data from January to December 2006 in Tianmuhu Lake，distribution of dissolved oxygen and its environmental impact were analyzed.The results showed that dissolved oxygen level in Tianmuhu Lake dropped by 1~2 grades.All in all the annual water quality of reservoir area is mainly about GradeⅡ~Ⅲ (Standard for Surface Water Environment，GB 38382002)，the water quality range from Grade IV to V，even worse than V in some parts.The distribution of dissolved oxygen has obvious seasonal changes and vertical differences.In winter，the dissolved oxygen (DO) content is the highest.In spring and autumn，the dissolved oxygen content is a little lower than that in winter，and there are some small differences between the top and bottom of DO.In summer，the dissolved oxygen content is the lowest，moreover，the vertical differences are the largest and lowDO area，with the concentration of DO was <1 mg/L，appears  at the bottom of lake.DO，which is one of the key factors affecting water ecosystem，is affected by water temperature，water depth，Chlorophyll and pH，etc.We found that the increase of water temperature caused reduction of DO concentration (and saturation) in nonsummer period.However，for the middle and bottom layers，the thermal stratification is the key factor to affect the DO concentration.Moreover，depth，chlorophyll and pH have a certain impact on dissolved oxygen.There is a negative correlation between dissolved oxygen and water depth.The relation between Chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen is most significant in summer，which represents the impact of microbial activity on DO.

ENVISAT ASAR Alternating Polarization images acquired at different dates，with diverse polarizations and incident angles，were used for mapping wetland vegetations of the East Dongting Lake.Based on the analysis of backscattering coefficients，an image which is made up of cross and likepolarized signals gathered from multitemporal ASAR data provides better separation between classes than a combination of likepolarized signals.Meanwhile，adopting the tone of filtered images combined with the “Contrast” texture feature based on the GLCM of unfiltered images to form the feature vector.The experimental result showed that the improved scheme has enhanced the performance of classification，overall accuracy of classification is 87.59% and Kappa index is 0.8228.Finally，the wetland located at East Dongting Lake was divided into water area，Phragmites and Miscanthus sacchariflorus，Carex and Phalaris arundinacea，woodland (Populus and Wilows)，planted land without dominant species，submerged vegetations and bare land.

The research on the landscape pattern evolution of wetland has been one of the key research fields of wetland ecology.Since wetlands are ecological landscapes with abundant biodiversity，having the special ecosystem structure and function，its ecological change has been caught special attention in scientific circles.As an important natural resource，wetland offers material support for human survival and development.Profound understanding of spatialtemporal characteristics and driving mechanism of wetland change provides a basis for knowing wetland evolution rules and drawing up wetland protection policy.Through analyzing major theories，methods and achievements of domestic and foreign researches on wetland characteristics of landscape pattern in recent years，this paper explored methods and achievements on evolution of landscape pattern including landscape indices and dynamic models.It also analyzed the factors restricting researches on driving forces of wetland landscape evolution，and appraised the advantages and disadvantages of selection on driving factors and modeling them quantitatively.Based on this，it also proposed the tendency and future developing direction of the relevant studies in this field.

Based on RS and GIS，the thesis analyzed the spatiotemporal diversity of urban growth and the response to the landscape pattern on the land use pattern under the different types of geomorphology in terrain transition belt of western Sichuan，Minshang County.The results showed that the distribution characteristics of landscape elements in different geomorphology region changed much during 1975 ~ 1999.Forest land area was 43.787 percent of the whole study area in 1975，which ranked first in the distribution in low mountain areas，high hill areas and middle hill areas.Paddy fields dominated the landscape in low hill areas.Substantial expansions of the city of Mingshan County became an important factor in landscape pattern.Agricultural activities expanded to the terrain higher regional.In the middle hill areas the landscape of paddy fields and dry land increased rapidly，and became the major land use.The distribution of dry land occupied the first place，followed by paddy fields；the garden plot also had a certain amount of distribution in high hill areas.The garden plot had been a larger expansion in the lower hill areas.Conclusively，human disturbance of land system became more ferocity，and the landscape was complex structure，and the pattern broken during this period.Landscape pattern in 1999~2005 was to maintain the basic pattern state as in 1999.Residents and construction continued to grow，particularly in low hill areas.The total patch number reduced，and the mean patch area increased，with patch shape index and patch fractal dimension decreased in low and middle hill areas.Paddy field and dry land reduced，but the garden plot increased in high hill and low mountain areas.The trend of breaking fragmentation decreased.