Under the background of global climate change, the relationship between urban planning and climate change is becoming closer. For the establishment of urban planning systems, it is necessary to take the effects of climate change and the strategies of climate change adaptation into account. With developed countries and the world famous large cities as references, the successful experiences and practices of town's sustainable development for addressing climate change in the United States, Germany and Japan were summarized respectively. then, taking Shanghai as an example, the challenge of climate change faced by our large cities and their existing vulnerabilities in the process of urbanization were comparatively analyzed and summarized as follows:a insufficient consideration of the urban development planning and the compatibility of climate, an inadequate argument of the influence of the urbanization process on climate environment, a low standing ability of urban infrastructure against meteorological disasters and less attention to the impact of climate change on human health in cities and towns, etc. Lastly, several ideas or key directions of town's sustainable development in China for addressing climate change were put forward, including fully considering the capacity of regional climate and vigorously building ecological green ventilation gallery; Deeply carrying out the climate feasibility of the layout of urban functions and meteorological disaster risk assessment; Strengthening the urban climate change research and experiments, and constantly updating urban planning design parameters and standards; Enhancing the monitoring and early warning of life safety and body health for vulnerable groups and foreign resident population; Actively improving the mechanism for adaptation to climate change in the process of urbanization, etc., so as to offer reference for the preparation and application of urban development system in China.

Under the condition of limited resources and environment protection, there is an urgent need to conduct sustainable urban development to maximize societal wellbeing within the "Ecological Threshold". This research is conducted by appraising the efficiency of sustainable development in Shanghai from the year of 1999 to 2012, from the perspective of ecological wellbeing performance based on the DEA models. In this research, the input index is the ecological footprint per capita, and HDI is the output index. The results demonstrate that a higher level of economic growth along with a higher cost of environment and performance in most years are DEA inefficient except for the year of 2004. Last, some constructive suggestions will be proposed for Shanghai's sustainable development in the next coming years.

The unreasonable water utilization structure of industry restricts the development of society to a certain extent. How to evaluate the circumstance of water utilization of industry scientifically and secure coordinated development under the restriction of economic benefits, water resources and environment resources have become a technical issue that socioeconomic development has faced and with the urgent need to answer. This paper takes Jiangsu province as an example and puts forward the integration methods of system dynamic and input-output analysis. The interactive model of system dynamics of water resources composite utilization was conducted which reflects the structure of industry, water utilization and sewage drainage. We determine the critical variables which affect the system significantly through sensitivity analysis. The technology of input-output analysis was used to analyze the water utilization characteristics, pollution features and economic benefits features to build the simulation schemes of industrial development. Combined with the system dynamics model output, the comprehensive water utility of key industrial sectors in the year 2025 was analyzed and compared under three kinds of development schemes. Furthermore, the program of "water saving and control pollution" was selected as an optimal scheme. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to protect the implementation of the scheme and provide decision-making basis for industrial upgrading and restructuring of water utilization for Jiangsu province.

Urban and rural population structure refers to the ratios of urban and rural population to the total population. Changes in the proportion of urban and rural population are not only the results of social and economic changes, but also important factors affecting socio-economic development. Urban and rural population structure is mainly measured by the level of urbanization. Studying urbanization disparities helps to fully understand the disparities of development extent as well as socio-economic contacts within and across the regions, so that it can provide decision bases for the various regions with "local conditions" development. Therefore, the level of urbanization differences has attracted more and more attentions in China. Using the fourth, fifth and sixth national census data, the "multi-scale" analysis framework, the overall difference measure index (including standard deviation, Theil index and its decomposition), Markov chain, ESDA correlation analysis and so on, we analyzed the temporal and spatial dynamics of population structure differences between urban and rural on different scales in Jiangsu Province from 1990 to 2010. The results showed:(1) In the 20 years, both absolute differences and relative differences of urban and rural population structure in Jiangsu Province showed a narrowing trend at different scales, which was sharp in the first 10 years, and then showed slowing down in the later 10 years. Relative differences and the degree of narrowing decreased from county to city and region. The main influencing factors are the differences of regional basic development, driving forces and scopes of growth poles, the focuses of government policies and population migration mechanisms and other factors. Narrowing of the differences between the three regions is the biggest contribution to narrowing of all the province's difference, mainly due to the linkage effect between the three major regions through population flow, transportation, industry, resources and so on. (2) The transition probabilities of population structure types between urban and rural areas were large and fluctuant in the first 10 years, while they tend to be stable in the later 10 years. The process of regional convergence in urban of Southern Jiangsu has been globally characterized by "convergence club" since 1990, and this trend was sharpened and presences at high levels. (3) On the regional scale, polarization between South Jiangsu and North Jiangsu has eased, but from the point of view of the county scale, the gaps between most counties in the North Jiangsu and South Jiangsu are still large, which showed that small scale polarization was serious. Therefore, autocorrelation analysis of small-scale conforms to the reality. From the point of view of the county scale, hot spots and cold spots show the typical core-periphery structure and the significant North-South spatial disparities. Trickle-down effect is gradually revealed, North-South differences are narrowing. Finally, in the background of "Two Belts and One Road", some suggestions can be put forward.

Based on the theory of economic radiation effect of High-speed rail (HSR), we used the method of behavior geography from the micro perspective to analyze the economic radiation effect of HSR. We took Wuhan City as a study area to study structure of passenger flow through field survey questionnaire in Wuhan HSR station. The results showed that the economic radiation effect of HSR of Wuhan City showed a high correlation with the city's economic structure; in space, The central city is stronger, and the peripheral city is weaker, the core areas such as Wuchang District, Jianghan District and Wuhan East lake high-tech development zone led the spatial growth. The development of the third industry is dominant. The leading sectors such as modern service industries and high-tech industries promoted the optimized development. The results provide reference to other similar cities' economic development of HSR and economic structural adjustment.

The intensity of reclamation is gradually increasing in recent years. Extensive attention was given, because of the impact on the coastal zone resources caused by reclamation. On the basic of taking a full consideration of the muddy coast's features——silting-up and erosion, the pressure-state-response model was built; then we established a comprehensive evaluation system, which is suitable for silty mud plain coast, to evaluate the impact on coastal zone resources caused by reclamation. The pressure index includes three parts:financial loss, resources destruction, and ecological damage. The state index contains used and unused situation of coastal zone resources. The response index is about the funding which is used to develop the coastal zone resources, and safeguard procedures. In the index system, different types of coast were considered when choosing the state index; the resources loss of port channel caused by sediment silting-up was also taken into consideration. According to the principle of evaluation index, 16 indices were selected in total. The indices were standardized in order to make them comparable; then all the indices were divided into two categories:efficiency and cost; the weight of indexes were calculated at last. The impact on coastal zone resources caused by reclamation in Nantong Laobagang to Dongzaogang coast was evaluated using the evaluation system. The final value was 0.596. This means the present reclamation in Laobagang to Dongzaogang coast have a certain effects on local coastal zone resources. In future development, we need to pay attention to the saving and protection of coastal zone resources.

Pinus dabeshanensis Cheng et Law (P. dabeshanensis) is an endangered endemic occurring at the Dabieshan Mountains. This species is known from only 4 natural populations. Dawanggou in Yuexi County, Anhui Province, is known as the region hosting the largest population. Because of its small range, few populations, and small population sizes, P. dabeshanensis is considered "endangered" according to the China Species Red List. To obtain fundamental information of population structure and dynamics, we used spatial series substituting for time sery to analyze the population structure. And the time-specific life table, mortality rate, vanish rate as well as the four survival functional curve of the population were calculated, respectively. Additionally, spectral analysis was used to analyze the population dynamics. The results showed that P. dabeshanensis population was extremely small and population structure fluctuated. Although the seedlings were more abundant, young trees were very deficient, which suggested that the population was decreasing. The curves of mortality rate and vanish rate exhibited a similar variation tendency:peak exsisted in the 5th age class period. Four survival functional curves showed that the population decreased rapidly at the early ages, grew stably at the intermediate ages and declined in the late lifespanSpectral analysis of the population showed that the population dynamics had a clear periodic fluctuation in the growth except for the influence of fundamental wave, in which periodic fluctuation in waves A3 and A4 might be related to the individual growth. Based on the population information obtained for P. dabeshanensis, we propose some suggestions for the conservation and efficient management of this endangered species.

Collapsing gully is an extremely serious soil erosion type in the southeast of Hubei Province, which has a wide range of influence and destruction. Therefore, it is important to study the mechanism of the collapsing gully and erosion mechanism for improving the ecological environment of agricultural areas. We chose the granite in Tongcheng County, Southeastern Hubei collapsing at different levels to study soil, mainly toanalyze collapsing gully profile fractal dimension of soil particle, erodibility, permeability and water stability, and through regression analysis and other methods to establish the relationship between soil properties. Results showed that:the soil of collapsing gully in Tongcheng County in Southeastern Hubei topsoil layer, clay layer and markings layer and debris layer properties are quite different, soil particle fractal dimension D from surface soil to detritus layer showed a decreasing trend, soil erodibility K values from surface soil to detritus layer showed an increasing trend, water stable index showed a decreasing trend, permeability is laterite layer and the surface soil layer and debris layer of rules. At the same time, the correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis showed that profiles of slope disintegration of soil particle fractal dimension, can be erosion resistance, permeability and water stability between closely related, the correlation between anti erodibility and soil properties significantly. The purpose of this study is to clarify the internal factors of the occurrence of collapsing gully, and to provide a basis for the occurrence mechanism of the collapsing gully.

The pressure of cropland non-agriculturalization and its regional difference are the foundation of regional allocation of construction lands. There are significant regional differences between development of social economy and level of urbanization in Hubei Province, and the pressure of cropland non-agriculturalization is significant in these regional differences. In this paper, through the comparison between the theoretical value and actual value of construction land per capita, we studied the spatial and temporal pattern of the pressure of the cropland non-agriculturalization in Hubei Province. Combined with the gravity center model we revealed the path of spatial and temporal pattern of the cropland nonagriculturalization in Hubei Province. The results showed that:1) There was significant regional difference in the cropland non-agriculturalization in Hubei Province. The pressure of the cropland non-agriculturalization of Enshi City in the western region was larger, while was smaller in other cities. The pressure of the cropland non-agriculturalization in the eastern part is larger and there was relatively large change. 2) During 2000-2011 in Hubei Province, the migration of the gravity of the pressure of the cropland non-agriculturalization moved to the northeast, and the eastern of Hubei Province showed that the individual cities of the pressure of the cropland non-agriculturalization grown relatively larger to the western individual cities. 3) The migration of the distance was 17.37 km and was relative small, showing that the change of the pressure of the cropland non-agriculturalization in Hubei Province during 2000-2011 was relative stable.

Land remediation can adjust the spatial structure of land use and land cover to optimize spatial distribution and pattern of land use. We used land use indices, spatial autocorrelation and landscape indices to study land consolidation projects of Heqing Town in Shanghai. The purpose is:(1) to investigate how land use changes at the regional level as a whole; (2) to investigate whether land consolidation can play a role in intensive conservation land use; (3) to analyze the spatial configuration using landscape indices. The results showed that construction land area decreased and gathered in space obviously, arable land area increased. In addition, there are correlations between land use degree index, entropy of land use structure, rural road network density, farmland channel density and agricultural facilities density and land consolidation activities. However, it is difficult for Land use equilibrium to reflect the impacts of land remediation activities. Using the global spatial autocorrelation analysis method we can verify that land consolidation activities had the combined effect. The correction land use degree model can reflect the combined effect of construction and arable land at the grid of 5 m×5 m~10 m×10 m. Moreover, all kinds of land use types changed intensively. One of the results is to make the farm patches have a fragmentation, homogenization, centralization and regularization characteristic. The land consolidation project makes the study area transformed from agricultural activities and non-agricultural activities coexist to agriculture-based activities. At the same time, dynamic evolution of the landscape pattern is very significant. As for patch, it includes that farm land fragmented, internal homogeneity enhanced, shape complicated; the edge effect strengthen for farming land, rural road land and river to make it easy circulating material and energy. Corridor expressed as the density of ditches, roads, river increased to have a result that "road into the net, river interlinked, ditches connected". In terms of the matrix, it changed from townscape to agricultural landscape.

Over the past decade, driven by economic interests, artificial forests were planted on a large scale, for example, the plantation of rubber, tea, coffee and Eucalyptus in the Ximeng County, southwestern Yunnan, changed land use structure greatly, and produced impact on ecosystem services in the study area. Taking the Ximeng County as the research object, we used land use/cover data derived from the remotely sensed images in 2000, 2005 and 2010, and "equivalent of per unit area ecosystem services for China's ecological systems", to revise the per unit area service value in the Ximeng County. The land use/cover change and its impact on the value of ecosystem services were explored with sensitivity analysis. The results showed that:(1) In 2000-2010, the cultivated lands, gardens, waters and construction lands in the Ximeng County were increasing, but woodlands and grasslands were decreasing. The mutual transformations of land use/cover types were mainly represented as change of woodlands and cultivated lands into gardens in the southwest, and change of forested lands into cultivated lands in the northeast. (2) The ecosystem services value tended to decrease in 2000-2010. The ESV had a net decrease of 106.29×10⁶ yuan in ten years, of which the ecosystem services values of woodland have always been the highest, garden and cultivated land second. The three kinds of land use provided more than 97% ecosystem services value of Ximeng County; (3) The individual ecosystem services in Ximeng County are mainly biodiversity conservation, gas regulation, soil conservation, climate regulation, and hydrologic adjustment. In the study period, only food production capabilities have increased, the rest of the ecosystem services values have reduced; (4) In the space scale, ecosystem service values of northeast and southeast in Ximeng County are high, but western, central and eastern are low. The ecosystem services values of Lisuo township have small increased, and the remaining townships have decreased. The development mode of the economic interests for the purpose gave Ximeng County's ecosystem services and sustainable development bring great pressure. To a certain extent, to make the regional overall ecological effect decreasing. Therefore, on the premise of guarantee the stability of ecosystem in Ximeng County, the proper developing the garden and optimizing land use structure to find a balance point of a win-win situation between ecological and economic interests.

Assessment of ecosystem service values has attracted more and more academic attention. Based on the numerous evaluation methodologies, indicator systems and assessment outcomes, we summarized the evaluation methods, evaluation coefficients and its system for land ecosystem service values by searching and gathering pertinent literatures published in recent years. The evaluation system were divided into two categories including Costanza's and Xie's systems. Xie's assessment system was composed of value equivalent, value coefficient and regional rectification. As a case of land use in 2005 and 2010 in Liaoning Province, we calculated and contrast the evaluation outcomes by means of Costanza's value coefficient, Xie's value equivalents with two different versions, and Xie's regional correction of value coefficient with two versions. Results indicated that Costanza's value coefficient showed a lower evaluation effect when used in Chinese practice. Xie's value equivalents and regional correction for value coefficient of 2002 year edition were the most desirable and their effects were close to the average values. The evaluation result from regional correction for value coefficient of 2007 year edition was also close to but slightly lower the average values. And the evaluation effect from Xie's value equivalents of 2007 year edition was higher than the average values. The research results can be beneficial to the selection of indicator system for evaluating ecosystem service values based on land use.

From the perspective of peasant household' satisfaction and on the basis of theoretical analysis, we put forward a hypothesis. Based on the field survey data of Chengdu which takes the lead in exploring the cultivated land protection fund, we used the ordered probit model to test how the subsidy flow impacts the farmers' satisfaction about the economic compensation for farmland protection policy (ECFP). The results indicate that:(1) The farmers who transferred outward their farmland have higher satisfaction than those who transferred inward their farmland and those who didn't transfer their farmland. If the farmers transfer outward their farmland, the probability of "very dissatisfied", "not satisfied" and "general" that the farmers evaluate about the compensation policy fell by 0.3%, 4.8% and 11%, respectively, and the probability of "satisfaction" and "very satisfied" the farmers evaluate about the compensation policy increased by 14.4% and 1.7%, respectively. (2) If the farmers transfer inward their farmland, the probability of "very dissatisfied", "not satisfied" and "general" that the farmers evaluate about the compensation policy increased by 9.3%, 35.4% and 0.7%, respectively, and the probability of "satisfaction" and "very satisfied" the farmers evaluate about the compensation policy fell by 42.9% and 2.6%, respectively. To improve the farmers' satisfaction performance about the ECFP policy, the government should allocate the limited arable land protection subsidies reasonably. So, subsidies should be given priority to the farmers who transfer inward their farmland and take the responsibility of protecting the arable land actually to improve their motivation about cultivated land protection.

Based on the panel data of 31 provinces of China from 2000 to 2012, this paper analyses the spatial-temporal pattern of the urban land consumption intensity and utilizes the spatial econometric analysis method to test the convergence of urban land consumption intensity of China. The results indicate that the trend of the urban land consumption intensity of China is divergent. In the process of narrowing the economic gap between different regions, the economic development of the central and west regions is based on high land resource consumption. From the view of spatial-temporal pattern, the urban land consumption intensities of three regions have the trend of convergence while, with time going, the global convergence gradually disappears. The spatial model manifests the spatial spillover effect of urban land consumption intensity, which means the decrease of urban land consumption intensity of one province will be affected that of other provinces. Meanwhile, the spatial autocorrelation of urban land consumption intensity will also be influenced by some variables that are not observed. It illustrates that the influence of capital, labor, science and technology etc. is as important as that of land in promoting the economic benefits of unit construction land. The research results provide scientific basis for improving the economical and intensive use of land resources.

A large number of reservoirs have been built in the upper reach of the Yangtze River in recent years, whose operations would inevitably produce certain effects on natural runoff. The indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) method and range of variability approach (RVA), which were based on five essential characteristics, i.e. magnitude, time, frequency, retardation and rates of change, were both applicable to quantitatively analyze the variation of hydrologic regime before and after the dams beconstruction. Based on the larger reservoir group in the upper Yangtze River, the flow series were divided into pre- and post-dam construction by Mann-Kendall (MK) rank correlation method. Then the impact of the upper Yangtze River reservoir operations on hydrologic regime at Yichang station was assessed. The results of M-K test revealed that the annual minimum discharge has been significantly changed since 2000. The IHA and RVA results showed that the hydrologic regime at Yichang station has been moderately changed after the construction and operation of upper Yangtze River cascade reservoir system, in which the Three Gorges Reservoir plays a key role. This study further demonstrates that the changes are mainly reflected on the factors related with the low flow such as mean month discharge between January and March, minimum discharges, frequency and duration of low pulse and so on, and that more significant human-induced hydrological alterations are expected in the future in the Yangtze River.

Rainfall is an important input factor of flood forecasting and a prerequisite for ensuring forecasting accuracy. This paper proposes a method to comprehensively evaluate and compare the accuracy of telemetry stations estimates at three spatial scales:point scale, sub-catchment scale and the whole-basin scale. Using this method, benchmarked against daily precipitation data that National Meteorological Information Center published, we evaluated the accuracy of the telemetry rainfall system with 377 gauges covering Yibin to Yichang, whose area is 425 000 km². In daily and monthly time scale, we revealed the influencing factors and the characteristics of telemetry rainfall dataset of China Three Gorges Corporation. The results showed that the correlation of rainfall between the data was relatively high. The daily efficient coefficient of R² reached 0.81. There are a few differences in the data which affected by such factors as the position and the terrain. These differences provide an important basis for the adjustment and supplement of the precipitation station. This article provides a paradigm to verify the accuracy of some rainfall data by telemetering stations. The method could evaluate the situation of the data by telemetering stations, and serve as a basis for the future study of multi-source data fusion of rainfall, improving the ground telemetry rainfall data of representative and accuracy.

For the analysis of the characteristics of seasonal drought in the north of Jiangsu Province, a new drought index, which is based on the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution, was introduced. The generalized extreme value distribution function is established using the mean monthly precipitation data from 1989 to 2013 of north Jiangsu Province. By computing the generalized extreme value index (GEVI) drought index, the seasonal drought distribution and the temporal and spatial variation characteristics are analyzed of north Jiangsu five cities in recent 25 years. From meteorology drought, the GEVI and standardized precipitation index (SPI) widely used in north region of Jiangsu are compared in this paper. The applicability of drought monitor between GEVI and SPI in north Jiangsu Province is discussed in greater detail. The results show that the two drought indexes are similar in computational principle. Based on the different distributional pattern of precipitation, they are given different drought grades in some drought events. It is more exhaustively and objectively to fit the precipitation distribution in generalized extreme value distribution. On this basis, using the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method study the law of month average rainfall of North Jiangsu five cities. The results show that the five cities both obey Fréchet probability distribution, and from (Xuzhou City) northwest to the southeast coastal (Yancheng City) increases the space distribution features of region. The southeast part of North Jiangsu Province is the largest area of monthly precipitation, and the biggest change of the precipitation month. Five cities overall belong to the area of drought disaster and give priority to with the light drought and obvious seasonal characteristics. There is a powerlaw correlation in Northern Jiangsu Province five cities, which has a positive long range correlation. Therefore, the overall trend of the future will be associated with the past characteristics. The result indicate that GEVI and DFA method is an effective method for assessing drought conditions at different time scales and could be of great value for the dry season response.

The Ecosystem-Service-based Ecological Footprint (ESEF) measures how much land and water area is required by a given population or activity to provide the required ecosystem services. It can be further extended according to the types of ecosystem services provided by land and water ecosystems such as resource supply and waste absorption services. The ESEF method is proposed to be the theoretical basis for the assessment of water ecological carrying capacity as an important step towards effectively evaluating water ecological carrying capacity with footprint methods. The Water Ecological Footprint is therefore put forward, which is comprised of aqua-product provision footprint, water supply footprint and waste absorption footprint. Correspondingly, Water Ecological Capacity is made up of aqua-product provision capacity, water supply capacity and waste absorption capacity. As they provide an integrated consideration of quantity support, quality limitation and ecological stability of aquatic ecosystems, the ESEF-based water ecological footprint and capacity are qualified to evaluate the carrying capacity of aquatic ecosystems through the comparison between them. However, it is an emphasis and also a difficulty for current researches to define the relation between footprints of aquaproduct provision, water supply and waste absorption and that between their capacities. In this paper, the authors have constructed local models of water ecological footprint and capacity and applied these models to evaluate the water ecological carrying capacity in Huzhou City located in the upper reaches of the Tai Lake Basin. Two methods were used to define the relationship between different footprints as well as that between different capacities:the union method when water quality standards and environmental functions were taken into consideration and the averaging method when they were not considered. Both methods revealed that human demand for water ecosystem services in this city exceeded the supply capacity of local aquatic ecosystems and the gap between demand and supply jeopardized the sustainability of local aquatic ecosystems. Considering aqua-product provision, water supply and pollutant absorption in an integrated way, the population and economy that aquatic ecosystems in Huzhou can account for 95% of their current size using the averaging method. However, when water quality standards and environmental functions were considered, the carrying capacity of local aquatic ecosystems can only reach 79% of the current status. Although the two methods illustrated a similar picture of the water ecological carrying capacity in Huzhou City, the results obtained from the union method were more persuasive, as the way it identifies the water area available to provide water ecosystem services is more in line with the attribute of the ESEF-based water ecological footprint. The way is relatively simple that the averaging method deals with the relation between different capacities or footprints, however it provides a possibility for researchers to study the water ecological carrying capacity at a smaller scale when data of water quality standards and environmental functions are not accessible. Both methods have strengths and shortcomings, which call for more case studies to provide supportive evidence in the future.

Using the monthly MODISTerra and MODISAqua Land Surface Temperature data in the year of 2000, 2005 and 2010, we obtained the temporal and spatial variations of urban heat island during the daytime and nighttime in Chengdu built-up area, and evaluated their differences using the Equal Interval Method. The results showed that:There was significant difference of heat island between daytime and nighttime. Heat island presented a scatter distribution during the daytime and a concentrated distribution in the urban center area during the nighttime. Daytime heat island continued to spread and nighttime heat island scope had widened in the past 10 years. There is a negative correlation between the distribution of heat island and vegetation cover, and the roads also increased the land surface temperature. Nighttime heat island was correlated with underlying surface composition.

Exogenous acid input, such as acid deposition and chemical fertilizer, have contributed to the serious soil acidification in the Three Gorges Reservoir. In this study, the titration curve method was adopted to investigate the pH buffering capacity (pH BC) and influencing factors of typical soil (purple soil and yellow soil) in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Linear regressions were used to fit the linear portion of each titration curve and the slopes of these lines were used as the determination of pH BC. The results indicated that in a certain pH range (purple soil:pH 6.5-2.5, 6.2-11.5, yellow soil:pH 5.6-2.8, 5.5-10.7), the pH changes of the two soils showed linear correlations to the amount of acid or alkali addition. Furthermore, the slope-derived pH BC of acid and alkali of purple soil were 101.3 mmol/kg and 34.6 mmol/kg, respectively, lower than that (105.3 mmol/kg and 38.0 mmol/kg) of yellow soil. The pH BC was mainly affected by the content of calcium carbonate and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The difference between pH BC of the two soils was due to their different soil buffer systems and basic properties (initial pH, mechanical composition). Above all, the pH BC of the yellow soil was slightly better than that of purple soil. Meanwhile, acid deposition and nitrogen fertilizer application can threaten soil acidification in the Three Gorges Reservoir. According to the input speed of exogenous acid, a rough estimation of the time of acidification to different pH value could be made. For purple soil, the time acidified to pH of 5.5 (which is defined as acidification) was 194 a, to pH of 4.5 was 252 a, while the time acidified to pH=4.5 of yellow soil only needed 97 a. Excessive and unreasonable nitrogen fertilizer can change the soil CEC, SOC content and soil environmental factors, decline the soil pH and soil buffer capacity, even may speed up the rate of soil acidification. This study obtained preliminary results on pH BC and the influencing factors, however, water level fluctuation in the Three Gorges Reservoir has great impacts on the physical and chemical properties of soil. In the forthcoming studies, the evolution process of the acid and alkali buffer could be of great interests in further investigations in the Three Gorges Area. The knowledge on pH BC and influencing factors of the typical soils in the Three Gorges Reservoir, could not only be conducive to improve our understandings on soil environmental capacity and the typical soil acidification potential, but to provide theoretical basis for assessing regional exogenous acid critical value.