With the Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River as research object, based on the persons employed in various units by sector in detail data according to the China city statistical yearbook, the information on the persons employed of 19 industry of 28 cities in the region in 2000 and 2013 was extracted, and then consolidated and reduced into 11 urban function types to analyze the urban functional divisions and its change and driving factors with respect to the specialized sectors, scale, and degree of intensification by means of Location quotient and Nelson. The results showed that, its basic urban functions include construction, administration, social services, finance and commerce and these determine the functional structure of the region and the characteristics of economic development that the rapid development of the construction industry within the urban agglomeration, the slow development of producer services sector. The changes of functional scale was consistent with the whole country, the specialized department and functional intensity of the basic functions increase. Urbanization, level of economic development and national policy was the important factors that affect the evolution of urban functions.

Number of patent applications during 2000-2014 was used as a measure of the ability of innovation in 130 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt to analyzed evolution of space distribution of innovation capability. The results showed that:(1)From the temporal evolution of the overall point of view, the Yangtze River Economic Belt city innovation capacity showed a very significant regional differences, with a trend from gradual accumulation to slow proliferation.(2)From the spatial clustering distribution point of view, cities of high innovation capacity are mainly distributed in the eastern Yangtze River Delta region and capital city of the middle-western areas.(3)From the spatial distribution of evolution point of view, the Yangtze River Economic Blet City Innovation Ability band showed significant spatial autocorrelation and spatial distribution of gathering trend reinforced. However, the geospatial overall difference tends were smaller and different concentration areas in different spaces scope showed some expansion and contraction.(4)The differences of economic development level, the main body of innovation, innovation investment and innovation infrastructure of the city have an important influence on the spatial distribution of the innovation capability of the Yangtze River economic belt.

Since the 1990s, quantitative evaluation of sustainable development, as a basic tool to assess and monitor the state and degree of sustainable development, is currently a hot topic in the research area. Ecological footprint model has been widely used for the quantitative evaluation of sustainable theory method. Based on traditional ecological footprint model, this paper approached a modified model based on net primary productivity of MODIS data by modifying the equilibrium factor and production factor and taking the pollutant accounts into account. We analyzed the ecological footprint, the ecological capacity and the ecological deficit of Nantong from 2000 to 2013 by the traditional ecological footprint model and the modified model respectively. The results showed that the per capita ecological footprint in Nantong from 2000 to 2013 was steadily growing while the variation of improved model was smaller than that in traditional model. In addition, the ecological carrying capacity of Nantong in this period represented a decline trend if the local fluctuations were neglected. In addition, the results showed that a substantial ecological deficit in Nantong from 2000 to 2013, and the value of ecological deficit was from 0.3086hm²/per to 0.5877hm²/per, implying that the ecological system was not safe and the stability of the ecological system was decreasing. From these results, we can find that the modified EF model can be more suitable to reflect the natural resource utilization of the study area. In the end, considering the unstable ecological security situation in Nantong, this paper proposed reasonable suggestions to reduce eco-footprint, including land structure and energy consumption.

Tourism circle is an effective carrier to promote the development of regional tourism, which has important influence on the tourism economic relations among different regions. Taking the regions around Poyang Lake as an example, according to the regional tourist economy status, with five cities and its national 3A-class and above tourist scenic spots as the research object, the traditional gravity model was modified in this study by the quality index of scenic spots, tourism scale and traffic accessibility. The evolution of tourism economic linkage intensity measured in various regions from 2003 to 2015 showed the features on a rapid growth of tourism economic linkage quantity, regional differences, and traffic effect enhanced. Based on the above analysis, the article puts forward a basic framework of constructing tourism circle, a model of tourism integration development around Poyang Lake, and the thought of tourism economic linkage inside the circle, aiming at forming the pattern of multipolar nuclear network tourism circle, deducing the universal structure model of regional tourism circle, and providing reference for promoting the tourism integration development of tourism circle.

Aiming at the problem of housing perceptions of hydraulic engineering immigrants and considering factor that level of housing perceptions is ordinal variable, this paper established orderly Logistic regression model of immigrants housing perception based on the theory of orderly Logistic regression and carried out empirical researches on WUXIKOU hydraulic engineer immigrants. The main results are as follows:1. fertilization type, highest level of education, and household income has significantly positive effects on immigrants housing perception rates. However, the type of water resource has a negative influence on immigrants housing perception rates. 2. Fertilization type factor analysis showed that the local immigration life highly dependent on agricultural production. Rregional traffic status changes in expectations are the main factors that lead to immigrant housing perception differentiation. 3. Highest level of education factor analysis showed that immigrant housing perception increased with increased level of education. 4. Type of water resource factor analysis showed that the worse the migration of water sources and the cost of the expected, the worse the perception of housing. 5. Household income factor analysis showed that the higher the household income, the better the future expectations of immigrants and the higher the housing perception. Economic development is the fundamental way of solving the immigration problem.

Based on the statistical yearbook and traffic vector data, GIS software employed, this paper selected 2000, 2005 and 2013 as time nodes to study the altitude spatial heterogeneity of traffic accessibility and GDP in the West Sichuan Mountain Areas, and the correlation between them in the different altitude region. The results demonstrated that:(1)The transportation accessibility improved significantly since "the 10th Five-Year Plan" in the study areas, Obvious spatial imbalance existed in accessibility level between counties, with Panxi region remaining the highest accessibility, while Ganzi ranking the lowest. From 2000 to 2013, the disparity of accessibility value between counties has been on a trend of decreasing. (2)Transportation accessibility followed the same spatial patterns as GDP, which reflected gradient features. With the rise of elevation, the accessibility index and GDP decreased generally, and the spatial distribution presented anti natural gradient characteristics. (3)Applying to the relative analysis it can be found that the correlation between accessibility and GDP was significantly positive, and the correlative degree continuously strengthened overall, implying a better comprehensive transport conditions with a higher level of economic capability. Among the accessibility components, the national and provincial trunk highways played a superior role in driving economy development, yet the marginalized geographic location was disadvantageous to the further opening to the outside, hindering the growth of mountain economy. (4) Correlation between them in different elevations slightly vary in the three research time nodes:at the beginning of "the 10th Five-Year Plan", the distance to the main transport line was crucial to the economic development among the four altitude region; during "the 11th Five-Year Plan", Transport network density played a positive effect on the economy in the lower altitude mountainous region. In the middle of "the 12th Five-Year Plan", Road network density and geographic location exerted the strongest influence on the GDP in the high altitude region and plateau region respectively, meanwhile adjacent to the main transport line did apparent benefits to GDP both in the medium altitude and the lower altitude region.

Research on the evolution of land use structure in metropolitan regions is of significant importance for effective regulation and control of urban land utilization and layout. Based on the data of urban land use in the year 2000, 2005 and 2010, this article developed an analytical framework to detect the dynamic process of land use structure in 51 sample cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), which has been one of the fast transition and most marketization regions. The findings indicate that cities in the YRD are experiencing a restructuring process characterized by the growth of residential and industrial land. The land use change rate in developed (or higher level) cities is becoming smaller, and their land use structure gradually becomes mature and stable; while the industrialization process in those developing (or lower level) cities is absolutely slow, leading to a sluggish restructuring process of urban land use. The overall land use structure in all the sample cities tends to equalization, and "hot spots" of the urban land use evolution gradually shift from the developed cities to the relatively underdeveloped cities. As for the driving mechanisms of the dynamic evolution of urban land use structure, global market together with urban governments and citizens has been promoting the evolution of urban land use structure under the background of economic transition.

In this study, analysis on urban construction land changes in Nanjing from 2000 to 2014 was carried out based on the measurement model. The driving factors underlying the changes were also analyzed by the method of partial least squares regression, combination of canonical correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that:(1) The urban construction land of Nanjing is on the rise in general, with an average annual increase rate of 11.73%; (2) The structure information entropy of urban construction land showed a downward trend, with an enhanced system structure of construction land; (3) The population growth, expanding investment, improved level of road and the development of culture industry are the main factors driving urban construction land change in Nanjing, with comprehensive positive effects; (4) Stepwise linear regression results showed that the increase of the area of garden green land is relative to other factors, which is the most important to the scale of construction land in Nanjing City, and the second is the length of the road,then is the length of highway.

Based on daily solar radiation components and other meteorological observation data in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River since 1961, using linear regression, correlation analysis and Pettitt mutation test method, variation characteristics of solar radiation were investigated and mutation of solar radiation were detected and relationship between solar radiation and meteorological factors were analyzed. The results showed solar radiation showed a decreasing trend ("dark") during 1961-1989 and an increasing trend ("light") during 1990-2013. This is consistent with trend of global scale. Sunshine hours and solar radiation showed a significant positive correlation with a correlation coefficient r of 0.63; while precipitation was negatively correlated with solar radiation (r=-0.41). The solar radiation mutation change is a direct cause of the changes in temperature. In the "dark" stage, the solar radiation had significant positive correlations with the highest temperature (r=0.61) and diurnal temperature (r=0.82), while the correlation between solar radiation and minimum temperature AND average temperature was not significant. In the "light" stage, the solar radiation had positive correlation with the highest temperature (r=0.56), diurnal temperature (r=0.62), and the average temperature(r=0.46), while its correlation between solar radiation and lowest temperature was not significant.

Lake Poyang, as a large lake naturally connected to the Yangtze River, owns different hydrological characteristics. Water level and velocity are the key environmental driving factors to maintain ecological function of the lake aquatic ecosystem. In this paper, EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code) was constructed to simulate the water level and water velocity changes in Lake Poyang during the low water level statistical year (from June 30, 2011 to July 1, 2010). And the hydrological data including water level and discharge from five inflow rivers and Hukou station, meteorological data and DEM were as input files to run the model. The paper drew the following conclusions, (1) The simulation results of four hydrological stations showed great fit (r²>0.85). (2)During the high water level period, there was no obvious spatial difference among water levels in Lake Poyang. Thereby the water depth was mainly determined by lake's elevation and increased gradually from upstream to downstream. During low water level period, spatial difference of water level existed and water level decreased from lake's boundary to channel connected to Yangtze River. The distribution of water depth was not heterogeneous, excepting in narrow channel where water depth was higher than other lake zones. (3) Water velocity in Lake Poyang had series of characteristics, for instance, water velocity during high water level was slower than during lower water level period; the water velocity in narrow channel was significantly faster than in other region, excepting in high water level period. The water velocity in the northern zone was faster than southern area in majority of months. (4) The flow velocity was closely related to water level and different water level would drive different distribution of flow velocity. The water level and velocity simulation research laid a foundation for water management during dry period of large water bodies lately.

Ecological security functions are the precondition and guarantee for the main grain-producing areas to ensure the security of grains. Based on Contanza Model, this study tests the ecosystem service value (ESV) and the spatial variation in 13 main grain-producing areas of China by empirical research in 2014, with focus on the contributions of farmland ecosystem and provisionment to the ESV. The results showed that the provisionment in the farmland ecosystem cannot match the grain production, with a contribution rate of 10.4% of the ESV and food-supplying service value accounted for only 9.23%. There was clear ESV spatial variation and the difference between the South and North was evident. Therefore, there exists serious threat and loss of ESV in grain's security. Compared with the minimum arable land, the ecological red line should be regarded as the best way to ensure the security of grains.

The Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network was used to predict the contents of soil heavy metals of Cr, As, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn in study area. We selected 35 groups of measured data as training data, with other 6 groups as validation data. The model was constituted continuous data of the 5 groups followed 10 groups of data based on continuous sampling. The number of neurons in the input layer is 10, and the output layer is 5. The transfer function of the hidden layer is the radial basis function radbas, and the transfer function of the output layer is linear function Purelin. The results showed that:RBF neural network prediction model has higher precision., Through multivariate statistical analysis on measured samples and prediction samples, the average values of As, Ni, Zn in the study area were found to exceed the background values of the soil environment in Shanghai City, and the As elements reached a high degree of variation, and Pb, Zn and Ni reached moderate variation. Through factor analysis, the first 2 factors basically contain the main information of all the elements. Among the first factors, the maximum load is the element Ni (0.946), and the second factor is the element As (0.930). Through the evaluation of potential ecological risk index, the study area is found to in a slight ecological risk level. The RBF neural network model can be used to reduce the cost of sampling and analysis, and to evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metals in the regional soil.

For the purpose of investigating the main factors of deep groundwater salinization in the coastal plain of Yanchen, Jiangsu Province, various water samples (river water, shallow groundwater, deep groundwater and seawater) were collected to analyze their characteristics of hydrochemistry and isotopes. On the basis of the analysis of the environment isotopes (δ¹⁸O-δ²H), the characteristics of major hydrochemical composition and the ratios of major ions, the results suggested that dissolving the salts of strata and evaporation are the dominant processes in the evolvement of shallow brackish groundwater, and some shallow brackish samples in Binhaigang areas are possibly affected by seawater intrusion. The distribution of deep brackish groundwater is mainly in two areas; one is located along the coastal areas, while the other is in the inland areas of Dafeng and its surrounding areas. Dissolving salts of ancient marine strata is the major cause for the salinity of the deep confined groundwater in eastern coastal areas; moreover, some deep groundwater may be also influenced by seawater intrusion, such as YC2012 in Huangshagang. Among the inland areas surrounding Dafeng, the deep brackish groundwater is caused by mixing with overlying shallow saline groundwater. The water quality of the deep aquifer in central and western areas is good as a whole, and the hydrochemical evolution is the natural water-rock interaction. Hence, the deep aquifer groundwater in eastern coastal areas where TDS is high should be protected effectively, especially the salified areas such as the town of Binhaigang.

In this study, quantitative characterization of the spatial and temporal variation of non-point source (NPS) particulate phosphorus loads in the watershed area of the Hongze Lake since 1990 was carried out in order to find out the internal relation and the influence mechanism between non-point pollution and land use change Conclusions are as follows:1.during 1990~2012, the total loads of particulate phosphorus presented a trend of "fall-rise fall", with a gradual downward trend in 1990-1996, a stable growth state in 1996-2006, and a rapid downward trend after 2008. And the highest value was 2253.67 t/a in 2012, and the lowest value was 510.03 t/a in 1990; 2.There was significant spatial differences in the intensity of Par-P. The high value area was distributed in a variety of mixing zone of the tributaries of the Huaihe River basin, with an average Par-P intensity of of 3.88 t/km²/a. The low value area was mainly distributed in the wetland protection area of the Bian River Basin, with an average Par-P intensity of of 0.57 t/km²/a; 3. Average Par-P intensity of different land use patterns ranked as follows:Huaihe River Basin (681.84t/a), Gaosong River Basin (317.65t/a), Weiqiao River Basin (185.73t/a), Bian River Basin (121.09t/a). The corresponding land use pattern is a variety of mixed, urbanization rapid growth, the dominant land, wetland protection. The increase in the area of agricultural land and construction land will increase the phosphorus pollution, and the land types of forest land and wetland can significantly reduce the loss of particulate phosphorus. Rational land use planning has an important role in alleviating the non-point source pollution of particulate phosphorus. This study can extend the connotation of watershed NPS pollution research, and showed significant meaning for Integrated research of watershed scales, and also can provide the scientific basis for LUCC adjustment oriented to lake environment protection and management.

It is of great significance to study the spatio-temporal variations of agricultural heat resources in ecological sensitive region under the background of global warming. Based on the meteorological data of 47 weather stations in the northern and southern regions of the Qinling Mountains(QLM) from 1960 to 2014, the spatial distribution, spatio-temporal variation and jump features were analyzed by using the methods of linear trend, Mann-Kendall test and Kriging interpolation. The results showed that, the frost-free period decreased with the increase of latitude in the northern and southern regions of QLM. The time trends were consistent in the four regions, namely the first frost date and the frost-free period declined slightly but increased dramatically thereafter, while the last frost date increased slightly but declined rapidly thereafter. Over the past 55 years, the frost-free period has significantly prolonged, with the increase of mutation. Among the northern areas to the QLM, southern slope of QLM, Hanshui River Basin and valleys in Daba and Wushan mountains, the prolonging rates of frost-free period were 0.4006d/a,0.2804d/a,0.3961d/a, and 0.4075d/a, respectively; the years of mutation were 1999, 2002, 2001 and 1990 respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the frost-free period in each station increased from south to north. It was also found that the first frost date lengthened, the last frost date advanced earlier and the frost-free period were extended over 80% stations. The frost-free period was prolonged by the delayed first frost date, together with an earlier last frost date. There were 28 stations with fluctuation characteristics and 19 stations with mutations in the northern and southern regions of QLM. The mutation timing of the frost-free period occurred primarily from 1990s to 2000s, and varied considerably in the 2000s, which had the largest regions of mutation and mainly concentrated in the north-east regions. The results are expected to provide referece for optimizing ecological environment change and agricultural production distribution under climate change.

The evolution of rocky desertification in Guizhou has curbed the ecological security demands of the Yangtze River and Pearl River Basins. In response to the national ecological environment protection and restoration policies, aiming at strengthening the upper reaches of the Yangtze River ecological protection work to curb the deterioration of ecological environment in Guizhou Province, this study established sensitivity evaluation index system and the evaluation model to evaluate the sensitivity of rocky desertification in Guizhou province by the remote sensing and GIS technology, according to the guideline of ecological red line delimitation technology guide (2015.06) and the typical ecological environmental problems of karst rocky desertification in Guizhou Province. The ecological red line of sensitive area of rocky desertification was defined, and the ecological red line of rocky desertification sensitive area in Guizhou Province was quantitatively revealed and the law of regional differentiation was put forward. And the concrete control measures were put forward according to the actual situation of rocky desertification control in Guizhou Province. The results showed that:(1) In 2011, the susceptibility of rocky desertification in Guizhou province is 36227.83 km², which accounts for 32.23% of the total area of karst landforms, and the distribution of the total distribution is striped. (2) The spatial distribution of the rocky desertification sensitive area is related to the rocky desertification. There was a positive correlation between the proportion of land and the proportion of the above sensitive areas when excluding non-obvious rocky desertification, potential rocky desertification, insensitive area and mild sensitive area. (3) The ecological red line area in the rocky desertification sensitive area of Guizhou Province is 6814.25 km², accounting for 3.87% of the total land area of the whole province. It is mainly composed of broken patches, which are concentrated in the northern, southern and western regions of Guizhou. (4) The control measures of ecological red line in the rocky desertification sensitive area should be parallel to the control and protection, mainly in the protection, and at the same time strengthen the comprehensive control of the rocky desertification sensitive area and the ecological protection policy system.

China's flooding disasters by heavy rainfall occurred frequently in recent years. Regional heavy rainfall lasting long time and with a wide range is a kind of extreme weather events that is a serious threat to the society. Regional heavy rainfall has become the focus of attention of the society and academic circles. Therefore, it is necessary to study the spatiotemporal pattern of regional heavy rainfall in China in recent years. Selection based on the definition of regional heavy rainfall, last days, impact station number, maximum daily precipitation and cumulative precipitation as the four indicators, statistical analysis of the China regional heavy rainfall spatiotemporal pattern between 1961 and 2010 was carried out in this study. The results showed that:China's regional heavy rainfalls are mainly distributed in the east region as a result of monsoon of the line between Mohe in Heilongjiang province and Tengchong in Yunnan province. Regional heavy rainfalls are more concentrated in eastern coastal provinces and cities, led by Guangdong province. In temporal dimension, China's regional heavy rainfall is quasi periodic oscillations in ten years (6.5 and 13 years) and occurred more with around 1997. Regional heavy rainfall are more concentrated in May to September during a year from long-term period, and four indicators reached the highest in June.

Based on the onboard LIDAR data from CALIPSO satellite of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from December 2007 to February 2011, the vertical distribution of optical and micro-physical properties of aerosols around Chongqing during the haze periods in winter were revealed by analyzing the parameters of 532 nm total attenuated backscatter coefficient, volume depolarization ratio and total attenuated color ratio. The results showed that, during haze periods in winter, the scattering ability of atmospheric aerosols generally decreased with increasing altitude, being strongest in low troposphere (0-1km). The distribution of regularity and size of particles within the altitude range of 1-4km were the same throughout the year, but the trend monotonous was stronger. The proportion of regular aerosols and coarse particles were the most in low troposphere (0-1km), and the proportion of irregular aerosols and fine particles were the most in middle troposphere (3-4km). Comparing the situation in each year, the scattering intensity had an increasing trend. The scattering intensity from 2008 to 2010 varied within a small range, there was a significant increasing in 2011. Regular aerosols and fine particles were the dominant aerosols from 2007 to 2011, the proportion of irregular aerosols were the most in 2011. In addition, the proportion of coarse particles was increasing year by year.