Within the context of socioeconomictransition as well as the increasingly tighten constraints of resources and environment, ecoeconomy as a reasonable method of reforming the traditional economic development mode and realizing the sustainable development of economic society and ecological environment, has been drawing great attention. This paper reviewed the origin and concept of ecoeconomy, also generalized its “three low” and “three high” characteristics. Based on the space equilibrium theory which involves the division of the industrial and ecological products, this paper concluded that the important and sensitive ecological area in the eastern region is the preferable area for ecoeconomy on account of its significant contribution to the ecological balance of larger area. The industry conformations of ecoeconomy that characterized by the deindustrialization process which emphasizes supply of ecoproducts and the wealth creation capability which emphasizes extension of ecoproducts industrial chain and ecosustainable development differentiate ecoeconomy from the traditional economy mode, also make ecoeconomy a new way to realize the cogrowth of the natural and economic wealth. 

In the context of economic globalization and urbanization, production factors increasingly agglomerates towards large metropolis. The economic belts that contain multiple contiguous urban clusters areimportantunits of regional growth and competition. This paper firstly uses the Moran’s Indextoexamine thespatial autocorrelationbetween transportation infrastructure and economic growth in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2014. The results suggest that there is a significant correlation between transportation infrastructure and economic growth. One possible reason is that transportation infrastructure is relatively well developed in this broad region. The other is that it is appropriate to choose province as the studyarea. Moreover, using the spatial durbin model, this paper empirically analyses the impacts of transportation infrastructure on economic growth. The regression results indicate that transportation infrastructureis positively correlated to economic growth, andthe spillover of economic growth among regions are positive as well. These results are consistent with theoretical expectation and actual situation. Neglecting spatial interaction would result in the overestimation of transportation infrastructure’s effect on economic growth. What’s more, the labor force and actual capital stock are positively related to economic growth while industrial structure and government expand are negatively correlated with the dependent variable. Policy implications are the interprovincial collaboration in Yangtze River Economic Beltshould be further developed, the interconnectivityandeffectiveness of transportation infrastructure need improved. What’s more, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of labor force,promote theupgrading of industrial structure andavoid the excessive government investment.

This study used CD production function model of adding Land elements to estimate industrial land prices of different cities, then explored the spatiotemporal differences and the influencing factors of industrial land price deviation in different areas, which was exemplified by typical cities in the Yangtze River delta. Research shows that: (1) During 2009-2013, regional industrial economy growth and production structure mainly relied on capital investment in Yangtze River delta, the marginal productivity of labor was minimum; (2) There was a significant spatiotemporal difference of the industrial land price deviation in Yangtze River delta. The overall deviation gradually improved in recent years, and underestimate of industrial land prices rose from the east coast to inland, which could be divided into slight deviation area, average deviation area and serious deviation area. The trend of different kinds of deviation area were obviously different; (3) Economic development level, industrial land scarcity, industrialization and marketization degree had obvious inhibiting effect on undervaluation phenomena of industrial land price, the regional industrial scale and investment behavior had obvious promoting effect on undervaluation phenomena.

This study used CD production function model of adding Land elements to estimate industrial land prices of different cities, then explored the spatiotemporal differences and the influencing factors of industrial land price deviation in different areas, which was exemplified by typical cities in the Yangtze River delta. Research shows that: (1) During 2009-2013, regional industrial economy growth and production structure mainly relied on capital investment in Yangtze River delta, the marginal productivity of labor was minimum; (2) There was a significant spatiotemporal difference of the industrial land price deviation in Yangtze River delta. The overall deviation gradually improved in recent years, and underestimate of industrial land prices rose from the east coast to inland, which could be divided into slight deviation area, average deviation area and serious deviation area. The trend of different kinds of deviation area were obviously different; (3) Economic development level, industrial land scarcity, industrialization and marketization degree had obvious inhibiting effect on undervaluation phenomena of industrial land price, the regional industrial scale and investment behavior had obvious promoting effect on undervaluation phenomena.

CHINA RAILWAY Express is the important carrierto promote the construction of the Belt and Road. Analyzing the logistics network structure of the cityregion along the CHINA RAILWAY Express can promote the development of CHINA RAILWAY Express. The improved Entropy method was used to estimate the logistics development level of cities along the CHINA RAILWAY Express.The modified Gravity Model was used to calculate the spatial linkage between the cities along the CHINA RAILWAY Express. Usingsocial network analysis method, this article empirically analyzed the network density, network centrality and cohesion subgroups of the city. The results showed that: the density oflogisticsnetwork in cities along the CHINA RAILWAY Express is low, indicating the influence of logistics industry is weak between the cities. The top five cities which ranked by the network centrality index are Suzhou, Chongqing, Beijing, Nanjing and Wuhan.These cities have comparatively strong influence to others, and affectthe logistics linkagesamongother citiesthrough the intermediary effect. On the early stage of CHINA RAILWAY Express, choosing Beijing, Lanzhou, Suzhou and Chongqing as transit hubs to carry out reorganized operation of train is advisable. When the volume is sufficient to support more cities to operatea straight line, it is recommended to pickBeijing, Shenyang, Lanzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou, Changsha and Chongqing as transit hubs to carry out reorganized operation of trains.

This paper evaluates the performance of national HTZs in China after the financial crisis. Unlike previous case studies or comparative analyses, we employ the Dynamic Network Slackbased Measurement and examine the HTZs as a network that is connected by carryovers between sequenced terms and links among different sectors. The results show that: the efficiencies of both production sectors and R&D sectors are low in most Hitech zones, partly because the links between them are weak and the carryover are inappropriate; Total Factor Productivity exhibits that production sectors mainly depend on technical efficiency improvement, while R&D sectors hinge on technology progress.

The productive efficiency of tourism is an important basis to evaluate the reasonable use of the tourism resources and development level of tourism economy. First based on the DEAMalmquist index secondary decomposition model, this paper reveals the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the tourism productive efficiency of 13 municipalities in Jiangsu Province .The results show that: (1) the total factors productivity levels increased moderately, and the annual average of total factors productivity during 2000-2015 in Jinagsu Province is 1020. Regarding the spatial distribution, the total factor productivity of tourism shows obvious regional differences that the southern cities generally displayed a higher total factor productivity than northern cities, while the eastern cities are also higher than western cities. (2) The total factors productivity growth is mainly attributed to the technological progresses, among which the change of scale technological progress is the dominant factor, followed by the change of pure technological progress, while the change of pure technical efficiency and the change of scale efficiency has the least influence on the total factors of tourism. (3) Through the panel regression model, some factors such as industrial structure, the openingup level, economic development, traffic and labor also affect the productive efficiency of tourism in Jiangsu Province, which can lead to the efficiency changes and regional imbalances. The paper puts forward that different regions should adopt different tourism development policies, promote the technological progress of tourism industry and improve the production efficiency of tourism industry.

Shengjin lake wetland is one of important winter habitats for cranes in China. How the wetland spatiotemporal changes affect the winter cranes population dynamics has important significance for the wetland ecology, and crane population’s restoration. In this study, we analyzed four species cranes (Grus monacha, G. leucogeranus, G. grus and G. vipio) yearly observed amount variations between 1986 and 2015, and fit the curves between the cranes amount variations and year’s changes. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal changes of the wetland landuse were presented through the remote sensing images, the correlations between wetland spatiotemporal changes and crane amount changes were also identified. The results show this region landscape patterns had changed greatly between 1986 and 2015. The areas of grassland, paddy field, beach and some others were increasing, whereas the forest land, dry land, water area and reed marsh areas were declining. The four species cranes observed amounts generally decreased year by year. G. leucogeranus and G. vipio amounts had similar change patterns in the period. The space changes of reed marsh and water areas exhibited significantly positive relations with the crane’s amount variations, whereas the grassland, the beach and paddy field changes presented significantly negative relations with the crane’s amount variations. Other land use might also have indirect effects on the crane changes in this region.

In order to quantitatively measure the soil nitrogen spatial characteristics of the Jiangxi province, 16582 points data collected from the project of 2012 soiltestbased formulated fertilization were analyzed in this study. The analysis methods included ordinary kriging, oneway variance analysis and regression analysis. The results showed: ①Total nitrogen (TN) ranged from 026 g/kg to 375 g/kg, with an average of 158 g/kg. The coefficient of variation was 3101%, indicating a moderately spatial variability. Available nitrogen (AN) ranged from 1160 mg/kg  to 39970 mg/kg, with an average of 16431 mg/kg. The coefficient of variation was 3460%, showing a moderately spatial variability.②The spatial changes of TN and AN were 31489 km and 3030 km, respectively; the spatial autocorrelation range of TN is larger and AN is smaller.③In the spatial distribution, the high value areas were mainly included the city of Xinyu, Fuzhou and Jingdezhen.④The terrain factors, farmlanduse type, parent material, soil type and straw returning patterns had significant impacts on the spatial variability of soil nitrogen(P<001). Straw returning patterns was the most important factor that influencing on soil nitrogen spatial variation of the Jiangxi province, which could explain 271% of TN spatial variability and 42% of AN spatial variability.

Cultivated land has the largest productivity inallecologicallyproductive landuse types. The ecological footprint model is one of the commonly used tools for quantitative evaluation of sustainable development.This study analyzes the ecological deficit and the utilization state of cultivated land in Sichuan province from 2006 to 2013based on the traditional ecological footprint model, improved ecological footprint model and EFNPP model. The differences of thosethree models are discussed. The results show that the percapita ecological footprint of cultivated land keeps arising trend, and the percapita ecological capacity is rather stable, which indicatesa sustained trend of expansion at percapita ecological deficit in Sichuan province during 2006 to 2013.The status of cultivated land utilization is undergoing changes from weaksustainable to strongsustainable. Comparative studies of the three ecological footprint modelsshows that the EFNPP model makes up for the deficiency of both the traditional ecological footprint model and the improved ecological footprint model. The EFNPP modelis effective inreflecting the dynamic status of regional cultivated land use and sustainable development.

Fish resources of lower mainstream of the Minjiang River were investigated four times between 2014 and 2016. A total of 71 fish species (and subspecies) were identified inside 3 orders, 11 families, and 51 genera, in which 16 species are endemic species of the upper Yangtze River. The similarity index analysis of fish composition from different river sections showed that the similarity between Yinbin and Leshan reaches was the lowest (7000%), whereas Yibin and Pinshan sections had the highest similarity index (9219%). The main economic fish species in the studied river sections included Cyprinus carpio、Pelteobaggrus nitidus and Pelteobagrus vachelli, and their percentages inside all captures were 1610%, 1396% and 1232% respectively. The 71 species fishes spawning type analysis showed the fish that producing sticky eggs and drifting eggs accounted 6828% and 2707% of the total weight of captures, respectively. Fish diversity index between may and July were obviously higher than that between October and December. The fish Pielou indexes of Leshan and Qianwei sections showed significantly difference (p < 005). Overall, our field investigations showed the lower mainstream of Minjiang River had high fish species richness and biomass, but the fishes resources may not be optimistic in the future due to several hydraulic power plants constructions, fishery resource protection should be strengthened soon.

To investigate the variation of physicochemical parameters and pollution characteristics of karst groundwater under the highintensity impact of tourism activities, the physicochemical parameters of the Shuifang spring, which located in the core region of the Jinfo Shan World Natural Heritage Site, were continuously monitored during the high season of tourism activity (winter). Results indicated that characteristics of water quality inthe Shuifang spring exhibited natural background conditions before the peak travel period, physicochemical parameters showed small fluctuations. The pH, specific conductance(SpC), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), calcite saturation index(SIc), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), Ca2+ ,Mg2+ , HCO-3fluctuated sharply with the arrival of the peak period. The sewage fromtourism activities containedorganic maters and acidic materials that were needed bymicrobes.Microorganisms can produced carbonic acid. The carbonic acid and other acidic materials increased dissolution of karst underground conduits, madethe concentrations of carbonate dissolution properties, as Ca2+ , Mg2+ , HCO3- , elevated (concentration growth percentageswere 10%, 22%, and 26%,respectively). Because of different ingredients of pollutants in the sewage, the K+ , Na+ , Cl- , PO3-4, SO2-4concentrations rose more obviously(concentration growth percentageswere 257%, 273%, 286%, 750%, and 93%, respectively)than otherhydrochemical parameters. Large quantities of sewage poured into the groundwater hadled the SpCrose, DO dropped, water purification ability degraded, and thus groundwaterbeen vulnerable. According to the evolutional characteristics of physicochemical parameters in karst groundwater influenced by tourism human activities, we established a conceptual model. The results of the study indicate that the groundwater is rapid respondingand susceptible to intensively human activities in short time, and is suffered from pollution easily.

The study of tourism spatial structure helps sort out the development pattern of a tourist destination, exploring the innate laws of development, and problems to guide the sustainable development of the tourist destination. Targeting 13 prefecturelevel cities in Jiangsu Province, this thesis adopts transportation accessibility research and revisited field strength model on the basis of constructing comprehensive tourism index system to measure the comprehensive tourism strength and tourism field strength of each prefecturelevel city in four different research time spans, which are the years of 1996, 2002, 2010 and 2016. The results are capable of reflecting regional difference of comprehensive tourism strength in Jiangsu Province, and tourism field strength spatial structure features as well as their dynamic evolution process, which can lead to the evolution stage of tourism spatial structure in Jiangsu Province. Finally, its influencing mechanism can be explored based on geographic detector model. During the process, the revisited field strength model and the geographic detector model can provide a new insight and approach to the study of regional tourism spatial structure. The study of evolution stage of tourism spatial structure of Jiangsu Province and influencing mechanism can further promote regional tourism cooperation in Jiangsu Province, providing reference for sustainable development of regional tourism.

Annual sediment data (from 1954 to 2013) at Yichang, Hankou and Datong stations are analyzed by the order cluster analysis and sediment identity factors decomposition methods to find the turning points in the time series of the sediment discharge data.The contributions of different factors to the relative change of sediment load are also studied. Results show that obvious turning points exist in the sediment discharge data at all the considered stations. Sediment discharge decreases significantly before and after the turning point. The decrease in the sediment concentration accounts for over 90% of the reduction in the sediment discharge at the three stations. Reservoir construction and vegetation coverage changes are the main causes for the decrease of sediment discharge in the Yangtze River.Our study shows that reservoir construction accounts for 585% of the total reduction in sediment discharge compared with the data from 1954 to 1984 and from 1985 to 2000; and 831% of the total reductionin sediment discharge compared with the data from 1985 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2013.The vegetation coverage decrease causes a -436% change in the sediment discharge compared with the data from 1954 to 1984 and from 1985 to 2000.Compared to the situation in 1985-2000, the increase in the vegetation coverage accounts for 180% of the total sediment discharge reduction in 2001-2013.
Key words：Yangtze River; sediment discharge; turning point; human activities
 

In order to identify the difference and relationship of the larval and juvenile fish in surf zone in south branch of Yangtze River Estuary and the adjacent waters. Monthly field works were conducted in surf zone in south branch of Yangtze River Estuary(SYE), north Hangzhou Bay(NHB)(from Aug 2009 to Aug 2010) and Si Jiao Island(SJI)(from Aug 2010 to Aug 2011). Fishes were collected by small trawls(1 m × 4 m, 1mm mesh size), each site sampling was repeated three times. Water temperature and salinity were also measured in the sampling periods. Samples were fixed in 5% formalin solutions in the fields and moved to lab for further analysis. All fish species were identified, measured and counted by stereomicroscope in lab. The result showed that there were 40 species(in 11 families) at SYE; 59 species(in 23 families) at NHB, and 46 species(in 28 families) at SJI, in which 7 species could be found at all above 3 sties. The dominant populations at SYE, NHB and SJI were migration fish, estuarine fish and marine fishes, respectively. The highest Catch Per Unit Effort(CPUE) at SYE, NHB and SJI were 203.62 ind./haul, 112.80 ind./haul and 53.67 ind./haul, respectively. The predominant fish populations at the three sites were different one by one. Postflexion and juveniles fishes are predominant populations at Hangzhou Bay(NHB) and Si Jiao Island(SJI), respectively; and the four development stages fishes equally distributed at Yangtze River Estuary(SYE). The diversity index was highest at NHB(2.19) and lowest at SJI(1.75). The greatest fish diversities at the three sites all occurred in August, whereas the highest CPUE at the three sites existed in August, September and May, respectively. The only species that existed at all three sites, Lateolabrax maculates, reach the 3 water areas in different months and development stages. The three areas are all involved on Lateolabrax maculates migration routes to upriver waters.
Key words：South Branch of Yangtze Estuary; adjacent waters; surf zone; larval and juvenile fishes; community; differences and association

The construction of the Three Gorges Dam(TGD) has led to the disappearance of original plant species and communities, and new predominant plant communities had been formed to adapt the riparian zone environment changes. The study of predominant plant species distribution in those areas is important for the ecological restoration of Three Gorges Reservoir riparian zones. In this study, we investigated the plant species diversity before(2007) and after(2015) the dam impoundment at a special site in Zhong county, used populations Important Values(IVs) to estimate the relative importance of species of this area. The results showed that:(1) There were106 vascular plant species(belong to 96 genera in 47 families) before the dam impoundment(2007), and Perennial herbs, annual herbs, and shrubs were co-dominated in this area. After dam impounding(2015), the vascular plant species dropped dramatically down to 58(belonging to 51 genera in26 families), with shrub losing their dominated role. The perennial herbs percentages in all species increased from 40.57%(2007) to 43.10%(2015), while annual herbs percentages increased from 28.30% to 48.28%, respectively.(2) The IVs of Cynodon dactylon increased from 1.72%(2007) to 45.06%(2015); while the IVs of Arthraxon hispidus and Imperata cylindrical decreased respectively from 6.81% and 16.48% to both zeros. The predominant species in the bottom of studied area changed from Arthraxon hispidus, Imperata cylindrical and Alternanthera philoxeroides to Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa crusgalli and Polygonum hydropiper; the predominant species in the middle of studied area changed from Arthraxon hispidus and Imperata cylindrical to Cynodon dactylon, Xanthium sibiricum, Bidens pilosa and Alternanthera philoxeroides; and the top area predominant species changed from Imperata cylindrica to Cynodon dactylon, Xanthium sibiricum and Setaria viridis.(3) Before the dam impoundment in 2007, the plant species between elevation 158 m to 173 m were accounted as 42-66, and there were no obvious changes with the elevation variations. After the impoundment in 2015, the plant species between elevation 158 m and 173 m decreased to 14-43, and the species densities increased along the elevation increases. Meanwhile, the species diversity index and species evenness index didn’t show obvious changing trends along the elevation variations. The results suggested the dam impoundment had caused the plant species in the studied area decreased about 50%. Many species that couldn’t suffer the submergence had been vanishing or marginalizing. However, some perennials that have strong clone abilities showed obviously competitive preponderance and the annuals whose seeds had strong dispersal abilities could evade the winter submergences through seed dormancy and riparian habitats adaptation. The plants were affected by the difference of submergence depth, submergence time and submergence frequency, leading to the significant differences in species composition and distribution at different elevations, particularly for those predominant species changes.
Key words：Cynodon dactylon; annuals; perennials; species richness; water fluctuation

The area of vegetation coveragein Puding county of Guizhou was studiedin our work. The remote sensing and GIS technology was employed to explore the change of vegetation coverage in terrain factors through the spatial overlay analysis. Then the vegetation map and terrain factors were analyzed to identify the terrain factor and vegetation distribution in Puding county. The results show that:①The low vegetation coverage makes up the majority of sunny slope and low altitude area; The favorable terrainof vegetation is the area of the northeast, north, southwest, and northwest slope aspect with elevation of 1 400-1 600 m, the slope over 25°, and with the surface cutting depth of 30-40 m.②The distribution area of vegetation coverage in those favorable terrain varies greatly, suggesting that the spatial relationship between vegetation distribution pattern and terrain factors is uncertain.③ Human factors have great influence on the development and distribution of vegetation.And terrain factors can also restrict human activity in return, indirectly affecting the growth of vegetation. Those research results contribute to revealing the spatial distribution and variation characteristics of vegetation cover in Puding County, which can provide a significant hint for the evaluation and improvement of the regional ecological environment in Karst area, and meanwhile provide the decision-making basis for vegetation restoration, protection and rocky desertification control in Karst area

This article constructed a habitat suitability evaluation index system that consisted of flow velocity, water depth, water surface width, wetted perimeter and wetted area in Dadu River Basin. The construction of this system was based on the habitat environmental requirements of indicative fish. We selected four representative rivers in the upstream of Dadu River and then set up an empirical relationship formula between river flow and each habitat index. Then we determined the minimum appropriate flow standard for indicative fishes in different living periods and calculated the minimum appropriate ecologic flow for satisfying different habitat standards. The results show the minimum ecologic flow in nonavoid winter period in Zumuzu River is 183-785 m3/s, and 66 m3/s in avoid winter period. The minimum ecologic flow in nonavoid winter period in Dajin River is 266-865 m3/s, and 266 m3/s in avoid winter period. The minimum ecologic flow in Suomo River is 283 m3/s for the whole year. The minimum ecologic flow in nonavoid winter period in Cuosijia River is 319-382 m3/s, and 319 m3/s in avoid winter period. The determination of regional minimum ecologic flow could provide reference for indicative fish protection in the study area, maintain the regional ecological balance, and coordinate ecological environment and social development.

Drought is a disruptive natural hazard that profoundly impacts agriculture and ecosystems, it is important to investigate and assess spatiotemporal characteristics of drought events. Based on the daily soil moisture datasets with a spatial resolution of 50 km × 50 km simulated by the Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC) land surface macroscale hydrology model, the soil moisture anomaly percentage index(SMAPI) was calculated and used to reconstruct historical drought events and investigation of drought spatiotemporal characteristics between 1953 and 2013 in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin．Some important results are as follows:(1) Monthly discharge variable processes at Yichang section simulated by the VIC model were relatively consistent with observed processes during 1980-2000, the results showed that the VIC model built in the study area was feasible and could be used to simulate soil moisture. In addition to good performance in reconstructing historical drought events in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, SMAPI can also describe drought occurrence, development and severity of largescale droughts in time and space. SMAPI has clear physical meanings and the drought events identified by SMAPI can be used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of historical drought events.(2) A total of 12 regional drought events were identified in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin over the past 61 years, the first ranking severe drought event was from March 4, 1969 to July 5, 1969(124 days) and areal extent was 51.3%. On average, the drought duration, areal extent and drought intensity were 90 days(about 3 months), 48.8% and -11.1% respectively in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin from 1953 to 2013.(3) The relationship between drought area and drought intensity for different drought durations were analyzed. The results showed that drought intensity strengthen as drought area increases for the same drought duration. The research results can provide some theoretical values for the comprehensively understanding spatialtemporal features of historical drought events and a valuable reference for regional drought prevention and resistance in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin.
Key words：VIC model; soil moisture anomaly percentage index; spatiotemporal characteristics; the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin

Abstract：Based on the daily precipitation and evaporation data of 40 meteorological stations in Yunnan Province, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of flood and drought were studied by using the RDI index. The results showed that: The annual and seasonal scale droughts and floods is consistent with the historical record in Yunnan Province,The annual RDI index showed a downward trend and a tendency to drought, but not significant; The intensity and stations proportion of floods significantly than droughts before 2001 years;since 2002 the intensity and stations proportion of drought than flood significantly. On the seasonal scale, the spring has a significant wetting trend, the summer, autumn and winter has not significant drying trend; droughts and floods of the spring mutated in 1980, droughts and floods of the summer mutated in 1965. From the spatial distribution, annual, summer, autumn and winter was drought trend in the South and Northeast of Yunnan Province; there has a wet trend in Northwest of Yunnan Province; the rest of the region showed a wet trend, except for a drought trend in northeast of Yunnan Province. Annual and seasonal drought frequency was more higher in Northwest, Southwest and Southeast of Yunnan Province; the heavy drought frequency was very prominent in annual, spring, summer and autumn in Center and East of Yunnan Province; the extreme drought frequency in the annual, summer and autumn was very prominent in Northeast of Yunnan Province; there was very prone to drought in Center and Northeast of Yunnan Province in spring; the frequency of heavy drought was more higher in Central of Yunnan Province and the extreme drought was very likely to occur in Northwest, Southwest and Northeast of Yunnan Province in winter. The annual and seasonal flood frequency was more prominent in West and Southeast Yunnan Province; the heavy and extreme flood frequency was very prominent in southwest of Yunnan Province in annual; the frequency of heavy flood was more prominent in Southwest and central of Yunnan Province and extreme flood occurred in Central and Southeast of Yunnan Province in spring; the frequency of heavy and extreme flood was more higher in northwest of Yunnan Province in summer; the frequency of heavy flood was more higher in Northwest and extreme flood more higher in Southeast of Yunnan Province in autumn; the frequency of heavy flood was more prominent in Southeast and extreme flood in Northwest of Yunnan Province in winter.
Key words：Yunnan Province; RDI index; Spatial and temporal characteristics; Drought and flood change trend

This paper focuses on 6 debris flow gullies in the small watershed. Based on field investigation and remote sensing image interpretation, the numerical simulation of debris flow process in the actual rainfall frenquency was made by FLO2D. It shows the deviation ratio in fan area is between -25%-12%, in runout amount is between -16%--1%, which shows the simulation results are bettercompared with the actual situation.Meanwhile, we carried out the debris flow hazard analysis and the outcome shows the area proportion of high hazard,medium hazard and low hazard accumulation zone of the total area. In addition, according to the debris flow simulated results of 5% and 1% rainfall frequency under the same parameters, average deposition depth ofalluvial fan , alluvial fan area and the runout amount under three different frequencies, it can provide reference for debris flow hazard assessment, disaster forecasting, engineering treatment and hazard zone partition in study area.

Transportation takes an important part in economy, its impact on regional land use change has not yet drawn enough attention. Based on lots of literature, this paper reviews the influence of road transportation systems, including motorways, common highways, urban rail transits and railways on regional land use change. The investigation shows that the current research directions mainly focus on the influence of road on regional land use change. The investigation also find that road transportation systems could enhance accessibility and affect the land use change in surrounding areas, based on the rank of the road, the distance from road, the original land use types and so on. Compared to open road systems, closed road systems including motorways, city rails and railways, the influence on surrounding land use is realized through spots such as entrance and stations and then expanded along the road systems. In terms of researching methods, Chinese scholars prefer qualitative analysis, while scientists abroad tend to adopt model analysis. Taking buffer analysis into consideration, which is now a widely used method in this field, it requires scientific improvement in the determination of buffer zones. on top of that, the final parts of the essay suggests that further attention should be paid on special nodes and areas, method improvement and comprehensive modeling.

The Rhine River is an important waterway and supplies drinking waters to people that living on the river two sides. Rhine River plays an important role in the society, politics and economy of Europe. The excessive exploitation on the Rhine River had caused seriously environmental and ecological problems. In order to protect the Rhine River ecosystems, the International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine against Pollution(ICPR) had been established for several decades. After the past decades efforts, the Rhine River has been restored to be vital and beautiful recently. This study introduces the whole process of water quality improvement and ecological restoration in the Rhine River Basin, and provides implications for the ecological civilization construction of the Yangtze River Basin in China. These includes:(1) establish an integrated management institution “Commission for the Protection of the Yangtze River”;(2) confirm the objectives and build “The Yangtze Action Program”;(3) set up ecological compensation mechanism to coordinate the interests of all parties in the basin;(4) encourage the government, enterprises and the public form consensus and joint efforts to protect the Yangtze River;(5) control pollution from the source to improve water quality;(6) establish a complete basin monitoring program in the Yangtze river;(7) improve ecological restoration model. This review expects to provide consultations for ecological protection and comprehensive management of the Yangtze River protection in China.
Key words：Rhine River; river basin management; ecological restoration; experience and enlightenment