长江流域资源与环境 >> 2016, Vol. 25 >> Issue (05): 733-742.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201605006
黄锐1, 赵佳玉1, 肖薇1,2, 刘寿东1,2, 李汉超1, 徐敬争1, 胡诚1, 肖启涛1
HUANG Rui1, ZHAO Jia-yu1, XIAO Wei1,2, LIU Shou-dong1,2, LI Han-chao1, XU Jing-zheng1, HU Cheng1, XIAO Qi-tao1
摘要: 湖泊的辐射和能量收支的观测研究对于气象学和水文学研究都具有重要的意义。于2012年采用涡度相关系统和小气候观测系统观测太湖表面的辐射平衡、湖泊与大气之间的感热和潜热通量、水温廓线和常规气象要素数据,分析太湖表面辐射及能量收支的时间变化特征以及环境控制因子。结果表明:(1)太湖2012年辐射收支四分量(向下短波辐射、向上短波辐射、向下长波辐射和向上长波辐射)的年均值分别为146.5、9.4、359.7和405.4 W/m2,反照率的年均值为0.06,各辐射分量日变化和季节变化特征明显; (2)净辐射和热储量日变化趋势相同,正午最高,午夜最低;湍流能量通量的日变化幅度较小;不同天气条件下能量分配具有一定差别:晴天条件下能量分配以潜热通量为主,阴天净辐射能量主要被水体吸收转换为热储量; (3)通过分析湍流能量通量与环境因子的相关性发现:感热通量变化最主要的相关因子是风速与湖-气界面温度差的乘积;风速与湖-气界面水汽压的乘积是潜热通量的主要驱动因子。本研究结果能为边界层气象学、全球能量和物质循环以及湖泊生态环境治理等研究提供理论基础和数据支持。
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