基于葛洲坝1号船闸模型的水流诱鱼试验研究

doi:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201606014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以鲢鱼(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)为研究对象,在自制的葛洲坝船闸模型中,研究水流诱导鱼类进入船闸的技术。诱鱼效果采用鱼平均聚集率(P)、诱集效率指数(I)、通过闸门频次(f)和上下游停留时间比(Tr)作为评价指标。研究结果表明:适当范围的水流流速对诱导鱼类进入船闸有一定的诱集作用。当闸门断面平均流速为0.45m/s时,诱集效率最高,此时鱼类在船闸两侧区域平均聚集率和诱集效率指数最大,通过闸门频次最高;当水流流速为0m/s(对照组)时,鱼类的活动规律不明显;当水流速度大于0m/s且小于0.45m/s时,鱼群聚集中心主要集中闸门内高流速区域;当流速超过0.45m/s后,逐渐增大时,鱼类进入船闸的频率呈下降趋势,鱼群聚集中心主要集中在闸门下游侧流速较稳定的区域;当流速超过0.75m/s后,鱼类的顶流行为逐渐减弱,不再呈现向闸门聚集的趋势,出现逃逸行为。通过本研究,为鱼类行为学的研究提供基础数据,同时为中低水头水利枢纽船闸与鱼道结合的可行性研究提供参考依据。

关键词: 船闸, 过鱼设施, 水流, 诱集效率, 鱼类行为

Abstract: This research takes the Hypophthalmichthys molitrix as the object in the study toexplore the technology for inducing fish to swim cross the ship lock in a home-made Gezhou Dam ship lock mode. All fish are with an average length of 12.5±2.4cm and height of 21.3±3.5 g. The temperature is controlled in the range of (20±1)and DO is larger than 7 mg/L. One hundred fish were randomly selected for each experiment and tested for only once. When viewed video processing data, each region took a 2 hour continuous observation with 1 min intervals for a screenshot to record the distribution of fishes. The fish average aggregation rate (P), trapping efficiency index (I), gate crossing frequency (f) and the upstream and downstream residence time ratio (Tr) were the evaluation index to evaluate the actual effect of luring fish. The results show that an appropriate range of flow velocity had a certain attraction effect to induce the fish into the lock. When the average flow velocity at the gate section was about 0.45 m/s, the average aggregate rate and trapping efficiency index on the both side of the lock reached the maximum value, the rate of fish through the gate recurrence was the highest. When the flow velocity was 0 m/s (control group), the activity routines of fish was not obvious ,only given a certain flow rate, the activity of fish was regular, that was, the phenomenon of the top flow. When the flow velocity was between 0 and 0.45m/s, barycenter of fish mainly concentrated in high velocity area of the gate. When the velocity was greater than 0.45 m/s, then gradually increased, the frequency of the fish into the lock was on the decline, barycenter of fish mainly concentrated in the downstream side of gate, in where the flow velocity was relatively stable. When the velocity reached to 0.75 m/s, the fish reached the limit rate of swimming velocity in the silver carp. To through the gate of high-speed flow area, the fish must accelerate the tail beat frequency or burst slide. Because the gate guide wall distance is long and and the fish need to consume a lot of energy to get through the gate upstream, high-speed flow of fish produce certain drive effect. Therefore, appropriate velocity on the gate region downstream of fish had a certain induction, and fish trapping efficiency between the frequency and velocity of the ship lock showed significantly correlated. When the velocity was greater than 0.75m/s, fish failed to against the stream gradually, and no longer gathered around the gate, then escaped. This paper is expected to provide basic data for the feasibility study of low-head hydro project combined with fishway, and also offer reference for the study of the fish behavior in the future.

Key words: ship lock, dam-passing buildings, flow velocity, attractiveeffects, fish behavior

中图分类号:

S917.4

王从锋, 陈明明, 刘德富, 熊锋, 刘慧杰, 朱良康. 基于葛洲坝1号船闸模型的水流诱鱼试验研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(06): 974-980.

WANG Cong-feng, CHEN Ming-ming, LIU De-fu, XIONG Feng, LIU Hui-jie, ZHU Liang-kang. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ABOUT ATTRACTIVE EFFECTS FOR FISH IN DIFFERENT FLOW VELOCITY BY THE MODEL OF THE NO.1 SHIP LOCK OF THE GEZHOU DAM[J]. RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE YANGTZE BASIN, 2016, 25(06): 974-980.

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