Abstract: This study collected the core sample from the Tian’e Zhou and Chiba Oxbow Lake from the Jingzhou section of the Yangtze River Basin, analyzed the sediment size, 210  Pb, pollen and charcoal compositions, and established the highresolution time frame of the core samples. Combining the core analysis and the historical climate data and  recorded fire events between 1955 and 2012, the present study results show that the cores’ pollen and charcoal characteristics are able to well record the environmental changes  ver the past one hundred years. There are quite differences before and after the oxbow lake formation. The total pollen concentration and tree, shrub pollen concentrations were relatively low, but the aquatic plant pollen and spores of ferns are higher in the former period. After the oxbow lake formed, the tree pollen concentrations were still turning lower, but the shrubs, aquatic plants pollen concentrations were increasing. This study demonstrates that the C/P ratios of sediment charcoal and pollen concentration could well  record the natural fires and humancaused fires or other fire burning events in sediments. Those sediments C/P ratios and characteristics may also help to record the basinwide or regional flood events.