Abstract: The “springmaize & laterice” rotation is a new planting type in southern China recently. The phosphorus(P) fertilizer allocation in the two season crops(maize and rice) is important for understanding how P fertilizer efficiencies affect on crops yields. An annual maizerice field experiment was conducted in Wuxue County, Hubei province between March and October 2015. According to the P fertilizer amount used in the two crops, seven treatments were applied in the experiment, which includes no P application in both crop seasons(P0), conventional P application in both crop seasons(P1), 1/3 P for late rice was forward applied as basal fertilizer in maize season(P2), 2/3 P for late rice was forward applied as basal fertilizer in maize season(P3), all P for late rice was forward applied as basal fertilizer in maize season(P4), all P for late rice was forwarded and the total annual P was decreased by 15%(P5) and all P for late rice was forwarded and the total annual P was decreased by 30%(P6), respectively. We analyzed the crop yields, phosphorus uptake and phosphorus use efficiency in different treatments. Compared with the conventional P application(P1), the P3 and P4 treatments significantly increased the rice yield and the allocation of rive dry matter, maize, and rice yields increased by 4.87% and 6.74% respectively. There was no significant difference in rice yields between P5 and P1, but the yield of late rice was significantly decreased when the annual total P application decreased by 30%(P6). The forward application in maize season of P fertilizer for the late rice season significantly promoted the uptake of P by maize and late rice, and significantly reduced the apparent surplus of soil P. The soil phosphatedependent rate of two crops decreased significantly under P2, P3, and P4 treatments, in comparison with P1 treatment, by 11.63%, 26.47%, and 22.08%, respectively. From the perspective of P use efficiency, the P fertilizer cumulative recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity and fertilization contribution rate of P4 treatment were significantly higher than those of P1, which was increased by 102.46%, 194.83%, 6.73% and 176.16%. Compared with P1 treatment, the treatment of P5 had no significant effect on the annual P fertilizer contribution rate and agronomic efficiency but increased the P recovery efficiency and partial factor productivity by 32.56% and 58.05%. The study proved that P application in maize season had significant residual effects in late rice season, and it had higher P use efficiency than that the P application in the rice season. All P fertilizer for late rice could be moved to maize season, and even the total P application amount was reduced 15%.