Abstract: Macrozoobenthos specimens were sampled in the Doushui Lake Basin from June 2016 to May 2017, which were identified into 40 genera(species), 28 families and 6 classes. The number of Arthropoda was the greatest(18), accounted for 45.0% of the total, followed by Mollusca(15), accounting for 37.5%, Annelida was the lowest(7), accounted for 17.5%. The dominant species were Limno drilus hoffmeisteri, Branchiura sowerbyi, Radix swinhoei, Bellamya purificata, Semisulcospira libertine and Corbicula fluminea. The cluster analysis showed that macrozoobenthic fauna in the Doushui Lake Basin was clearly divided into reservoir and river. The mean density(476.64±28.91 ind./m2) and mean biomass(46.706±15.293 g/m²)of macrozoobenthos in the river were greater than reservoir(mean density was 452.34±78.45 ind./m², mean biomass was 1.569±0.209 g/m²). The analysis of diversity index showed that species diversity of macrozoobenthos in the river was higher than the reservoir. The results of canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) indicated that spatial distribution of macrozoobenthos was correlated with total phosphorous(TP), chemical oxygen demand(CODcr) and ammonium(NH4⁺) in the Doushui Lake Basin.