Abstract: Water use efficiency（WUE) is an important index to measure the coupling degree of the carbon and water cycles. Based on MODIS data, land cover type data and meteorological data, the vegetation water use efficiency WUE of Anhui Province was estimated. The temporal and spatial patterns, changing trends and influencing factors of vegetation WUE in Anhui Province from 2000 to 2014 were explored by trend analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that 1) Annual WUE of different vegetation types showed significant differences and average WUE of evergreen broad-leaved forest and evergreen coniferous forest was higher, which reached 1.66 gC?mm-1?m-2 and 1.69 gC?mm-1?m-2 respectively, while the annual average WUE of cultivated land was the lowest. The annual WUE of each vegetation type decreased following the order of that: evergreen coniferous forest＞evergreen broad-leaved forest＞shrub, sparse forest＞grassland＞deciduous broad-leaved forest＞coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest＞cultivated land. Annual average WUE of vegetation had a strong spatial variability in Anhui Province, where it was higher in the north and south of the province but lower in the middle part. The high value area of vegetation WUE was mainly distributed in Dabie mountain area and southern mountainous area in Anhui Province, and the distribution range was basically consistent with the distribution range of evergreen coniferous forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest. 2) Between 2000 and 2014, the variation of vegetation WUE showed an M-shaped “double-peak” trend of “increase-decrease-increase-decrease” with obviously seasonal variation, displayed the sequence of spring＞autumn＞summer＞winter. Besides, the average WUE of vegetation in each season accounted for 32.58%, 24.91%, 29.27% and 13.24% of the total vegetation WUE respectively. 3) The dynamic change of vegetation WUE in Anhui province resulting from non-climate factors made up 93.82% of the total area of vegetation in the province, followed by precipitation factor（3.88%) and temperature factor（2.19%), while the combination of precipitation and temperature had the smallest impact on WUE（0.11%). Besides, the temperature significantly affects the area within the cultivated land, while the precipitation significantly affects the area within the forrest land mainly. Due to the influence of human, non-climate factors had a greater impact on vegetation WUE changes.