Abstract: Heavy metals in the sediments is not only a huge potential threat to the ecological environment and drinking water reservoirs, also a hot issue in the field of water resources protection. To explore the source of heavy metals in surface sediments and their hazard to the environment on water source reservoirs in Linyi City (Bashan Reservoir, Yunmeng Lake and Xujiaya Reservoir), Shandong Province, the contents of 8 heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni As and Tl) were investigated. The spatial distribution characteristics of 8 heavy metals were analyzed, then risks of these heavy metals were evaluated by geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (RI) and the sources were investigated by using principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that the heavy metals Cr, Zn and Pb in the sediment of Bashan Reservoir exceeded the background value of soil environment in Shandong Province, the heavy metals Cr, Pb and Zn in the sediment of the three reservoirs were all exceeded the standard seriously, Cd slightly exceeded the standard in Yunmeng Lake, and the heavy metals Cu in Xujiaya Reservoir exceeded the standard seriously. According to the evaluation results of Geo-accumulation index and Nemerow comprehensive index, Zn in the three reservoirs was moderately polluted, Pb was moderately polluted in Yunmeng Lake and Cu in Xujiaya Reservoir was slightly polluted, but the other heavy metals were not polluted or lightly polluted. The results of ecological risk index method showed that the average RI of Bashan Reservoir, Yunmeng Lake and Xujiaya Reservoir were 52.05, 59.75 and 61.92 respectively, was less than 150, showing a low ecological risk. Source apportionment results of PCA and correlation analysis indicated that heavy metals in surface sediments from the three reservoirs were mainly affected by three sources. Natural sources, agricultural sources and agricultural activities were identified as the main anthropogenic sources for sediment heavy in this study area, accounting for 36.5%,26.1% and 13.7% of the total contribution, respectively.