Abstract: Based on the panel data of 29 cities in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration from 2006 to 2016, this paper evaluated the urban land use efficiency and analyzed its spatial-temporal differences by the super-efficient SBM model and the Malmquist model, and then used spatial econometric model to analyze the influencing factors of urban land use efficiency in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration. The aim was to promote the rational allocation of land and coordinated regional development. The results showed that: (1) From 2006 to 2016, the overall level of urban land use efficiency in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration was not high, showing a trend of declining first and rising later. The high-efficiency clusters were mainly distributed in the west of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration, while the high-efficiency clusters in the east gradually migrated to the north. (2) The redundancy of input and undesired output in the process of urban land use was one of the main reasons for the loss of land use efficiency of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration. (3)The urban land use efficiency of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration had positive spatial autocorrelation. (4) The level of economic development and industrial structure had a significant role in promoting urban land use efficiency, while fiscal pressure and the urban real estate investment had an obvious inhibitory effect on improving urban land use efficiency. (5)The urban land use efficiency of the study area presented an obvious spatial spillover effect. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of urban land use, the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration should strengthen further the connection between cities, establish the linkage development mechanism, and enhance systematization and integrality of urban land use.