Abstract: As an important carrier to support the high-quality development of the regional economy, urban agglomerations, a reasonable spatial structure is an important guarantee for urban agglomerations to maximize their spatial effects. Based on the “density-scale-network” urban agglomeration spatial structure analysis framework, this paper uses mathematical analysis, spatial analysis and spatial measurement models to measure the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2007 to 2017 and its multi-center structure spatial effects. The results show that: (1) “Small economic groups” have become increasingly prominent and have become emerging areas for the development of urban agglomerations. The Poyang Lake City Cluster is a shortcoming in the coordinated development of the entire region, and the Jiujiang and Xinyiping areas have a trend of cross-regional integration; (2) Urban agglomerations form a tightly connected network, with significant clusters of economically connected cities and significant traffic axial agglomeration, weak cross-administrative ties, and economic ties in peripheral cities need to be strengthened; (3) The level of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is not high, the spillover effect is not significant, and human resources， Industrialization level, government participation and transportation infrastructure are all positive factors that promote regional economic development. In the future, we should promote the clustering of factors, break administrative barriers, strengthen inter-regional connections, improve transportation networks, and create new overflow channels.