Abstract: Phosphorus forms and bioavailability in the surface sediments of Huayang Lakes were studied by SMT method in this article.The results showed that the total phosphorus (TP) content ranged from 431-1 099 mg/kg, and the descending order of TP content was Longgan Lake> Huangda Lake> Po Lake. Inorganic phosphorus (IP) accounted for about 36.3-78.8% of TP, and organic phosphorus (OP) accounted for about 18.9-40% of TP. IP was the main form of phosphorus. The descending order of different phosphorous forms in IP was: Fe/Al-P>Ca-P>Ex-P. The clay had a very significant positive correlation with TP, IP, Fe/Al-P, and there was also a linear relationship between the particle size and TP content. By comparing sampling points with and without submerged plants, it was found that submerged plants reduced the content of various phosphorus forms in the sediments except Ex-P. The bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) content in the Huayang Lakes was relatively high compared with other shallow lakes, which ranged from 183.2-598 mg/kg, accounting for 47.4% of the sediment TP , and the descending order of BAP content was Longgan Lake>Huangda Lake> Po Lake, consistent with the TP content, the BAP content was positively correlated with PO43--P in water. Based on the occurrence characteristics of phosphorus forms in the sediments, the study analyzed the bioavailability of phosphorus, hoping to provide references for solving the causes and effects of TP concentration fluctuations in Huayang Lakes.