Abstract: Soil organic carbon plays an important role in wetland ecosystem and global carbon cycle, which is also an essential link between the internal and external material circulation of wetland system.  Poyang Lake is the largest fresh water lake of China which connects with Yangtze River in the middle and lower reaches. The migration and transformation of soil organic carbon in this lake is of great significance to the regional and even global carbon dynamics. Based on systematic investigation and sample analysis, the spatial distribution pattern of soil organic carbon and its relationship with soil characteristics, vegetation and elevation in Poyang Lake were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The average content of soil organic carbon in Poyang Lake wetland was 4.38%, with the higher content distributed in the north central part of the main lake area and in the southern lake bay area, and the lowest content was found in the northern channel into the river. The content of organic carbon in delta wetland and dish-shaped lakes was significantly higher than that in river channels; (2) Based on the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, water content, elevation and vegetation normalization index (NDVI) explained 35.28% variation of soil organic carbon (overall R²=0.35) in Poyang Lake wetland. The local R² values was high in the southeast and low in the northwest，and its value in dish-shaped lakes and delta wetland was significantly higher than those of river channels (P < 0.01); (3) The effects of different impact factors on organic carbon varied across regions. The relationship between total nitrogen and organic carbon was stronger in the western lake, and stronger in river channel and delta wetland, while the link between total phosphorus and organic carbon was stronger in the southeast and northwest of the lake area, and had a strong influence in delta wetland and dish-shaped lake; The influence of water content on organic carbon was relatively stable on a lake-wide scale; The effect of NDVI was stronger in the south and east, and stronger in shoal and dish-shaped lakes; The influence of altitude had a higher coefficient value in the southeastern part of the lake, and in delta wetland and dish-shaped lake.