Abstract: Grasping the spatial relationship of human settlement environment and its driving factors is of great significance for the promotion of sustainable development of human settlement environment. On the basis of introducing the modified gravity model to construct the spatial network correlation of human settlement environment of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, this paper uses the social network analysis method to explore the spatial network structure and its influencing factors of human settlement environment of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The results show that: （1）During the research period, the spatial network intensity of human settlement environment of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River has become increasingly close, and a relatively stable network of human settlement environment has been formed, but its network correlation is still relatively loose, and the network structure needs to be further optimized. （2)Wuhan, Changsha, Nanchang and other relatively developed provincial capitals are in the core leading position of the spatial correlation network of human settlement environment, which has a significant impact on the spatial correlation of human settlement environment; while Xiaogan, Shangrao, Ji'an, Fuzhou and other remote areas are in the absolute edge of the network, which has a weak impact on its spatial correlation. （3)The human settlement environment network of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is mainly based on the transmission and spillover effects among the plates, while the spillover effects within the plates are relatively less. Among them, five cities such as Wuhan, Nanchang and Yichang belong to the “net benefit plate” and play a “leading” role in the network; seven cities such as Xiaogan, Huangshi and Huanggang belong to the “bidirectional spillover plate”; six cities such as Yingtan, Pingxiang and Xinyu belong to the “agent plate” and play a “bridge” role in the network; ten cities such as Jiujiang, Xianning and Yueyang belong to the “net spillover plate”. (4）The city distance, the economic development level difference, the industrial structure difference and the urbanization level difference have significant negative effects on the spatial correlation intensity of human settlement environment. The total population difference and the per capita financial expenditure difference have significant positive effects on them, while the regression coefficient of the openness difference is positive but not significant, its response mechanism and effects need to be improved and enhanced.