Abstract: Energy is the foundation of economic and Social Development. Since the 21st century, the Yangtze River Economic Belt has experienced the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization. Over the past two decades, the economic growth of the Yangtze River economic belt has been closely related to the changing trend of energy consumption, and it also has greatly affected the carbon emissions and smog pollution of fossil energy consumption. As an important link between energy elements and ecological environment, industry plays a vital role in economic activities. In order to solve the ecological and environmental pollution problems, such as carbon emissions and smog caused by energy consumption in the Yangtze economic belt, we must utilize the intermediary role of scientific and technological innovation, take industry as the breakthrough point, and highlight the guidance of the concept of green development, strengthening the building of green innovation industrial chains, promoting the industrial clustering and regional collaborative innovation, and continuously promoting green industrial restructuring and upgrading.