Abstract: Shaanxi Province is an important economic hub in central and western China and is located in an ecologically fragile area. In order to promote regional sustainable development, based on the improved three-dimensional footprint model, this paper measures the use of land natural capital in Shaanxi Province over two decades from the product-land class-region triple scale using the national hectare method, and further analyzes its decoupling effect with economic development. The results show that: (1) the per capita land footprint of Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2019 basically shows a trend of increasing all the time, while the per capita land bearing capacity shows a slow decreasing trend, and the regional ecological deficit shows a change trend of increasing first and then decreasing. (2) Both footprint size and footprint depth in Shaanxi Province show an overall increasing trend from 2000 to 2019, and except for Yanan and Yulin, all other eight cities in Shaanxi Province have a footprint depth larger than 1, indicating serious depletion of natural capital stock. (3) After 2010, the proportion of municipalities with strong decoupling status has increased, the traditional economic development model is being transformed, and ecological management measures have achieved initial results. However, the Gini coefficient of footprint size is increasing, and the inequity of natural capital flow utilization within the region is intensifying.