Abstract: The Hanjiang River Basin has superior ecological environment and abundant natural resources. It is an important water source area for the 'South-to-North Water Diversion' and an important link connecting the social and economic development of the central and western regions of China. In recent years, soil erosion has intensified and floods have occurred frequently, which affected the sustainable development of the basin's social economy. The scientific construction of the ecological security pattern is conducive to ecosystem protection and ecological risk prevention and control. Based on the 'patch-corridor-matrix' theory of landscape ecology, this paper constructed an ecological comprehensive network of Hanjiang River Basin from two aspects of ecosystem services and ecological risks, and identified the ecological security pattern by analyzing the structure of network elements. This study found that: (1) The extremely important areas of watershed ecosystem regulation function accounted for 25.71% of the basin, which were located mainly in the Qinba Mountains and the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River Basin; The ecologically extremely sensitive areas accounted for 9.18% of the basin, and were scattered in the Hanjiang Valley, Nanyang Basin and Jianghan Plain. (2) In terms of the ecological network, 19 ecological sources, 34 ecological corridors and 14 ecological protection nodes were identified, showing a pattern of 'large dispersion and small aggregation'. In terms of the ecological risk network, 22 risk sources, 43 ecological risk corridors and 15 ecological restoration nodes were identified, showing a pattern of 'great dispersion'. (3) The Hanjiang River Basin presented an ecological security pattern of 'high in the west and low in the east, high in the south and low in the north'. The protection patches, protection corridors and protection nodes were mostly located in the Qinba Mountains. Restoration patches, restoration corridors and restoration nodes were mostly concentrated in the Hanjiang River valley and the middle and lower reaches of the basin. The protection and restoration nodes were mostly located in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River Basin. (4) The Qinba Mountains bore the function of ensuring the ecological security of the middle and lower reaches of the basin, and it was necessary to build a mountain ecological security barrier; The river system was the main corridor for the diffusion of stress factors in the ecological risk network, and the ecological protection and restoration of the river basin should be paid high attention. The ecological risk network constructed in this study further improved the identification method of watershed ecological security pattern, and provided reference for the improvement of ecological environment and the efficient utilization of land space in the Hanjiang River Basin.