Abstract: Efficient utilization of urban industrial land resources and reduced carbon emissions under the "dual-carbon" target have become the focus of research on urban-rural spatial development. Taking industrial land in 13 cities in Jiangsu Province as the research object, this study used the Super-SBM model to measure the efficiency of urban industrial land use under carbon emission constraints. The trend of carbon emissions and the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics were explored. Furthermore, spatial econometric models were employed to explore the influencing factors of changes in industrial land use efficiency. This study revealed that: (1) From 2011 to 2021, the carbon emissions of industrial enterprises above designated size in Jiangsu Province remained stable overall, while the scale of industrial land expanded and the intensity of carbon emissions per unit area showed a downward trend; (2) The overall trend of urban industrial land use efficiency in Jiangsu Province showed a fluctuating growth. The trend declined from 2011 to 2015, and then rapidly increased from 2016 to 2021. The spatial pattern of industrial land use efficiency evolved dramatically, with significant enhancement in spatial agglomeration in regions of medium-high efficiency and high efficiency, among which the Nanjing metropolitan area and the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou metropolitan area became high-efficiency urban conurbations; (3) The level of urbanization demonstrated a significant positive spatial spillover effect on adjacent cities. The increase in the proportion of industry in the industrial structure of Jiangsu Province had a significant negative impact on the industrial land use efficiency, but a significant positive spatial spillover effect on adjacent areas. Industrial property structure had a significant positive impact on the efficiency of urban industrial land use, while land structure and industrial development level had significant negative impacts on the efficiency of urban industrial land use under carbon emission constraints.