长江流域资源与环境 >> 2025, Vol. 34 >> Issue (2): 352-363.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202502010

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

平原水网区农业面源污染控制技术比选研究

李明蔚1,马莉2,宁昕2,3,郝芳华1*,彭李4,殷国栋5,张璇1   

  1. (1.北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京 100875; 2.中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州 贵阳 550081; 3.中电建生态环境设计研究有限公司,江苏 苏州 215100; 4.华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司,云南 昆明 650214; 5.水电水利规划设计总院,北京 100120)
  • 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-02-28

Comparison Study of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control Technology for Plain River-net Area

LI Ming-wei1, MA Li2, NING Xin 2,3, HAO Fang-hua1, PENG Li4, YIN Guo-dong5, ZHANG Xuan1   

  1. (1. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 2. Power China Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited, Guiyang 550081, China; 3. Power China Ecological Engineering and Research Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215100, China; 4. Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Inc., Kunming 650214, China; 5. China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute,Beijing 100120, China)
  • Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-02-28

摘要: 农业面源污染已经成为威胁我国平原水网区水生态环境安全的严重问题之一,加强农业面源污染防治是支撑平原水网区高质量发展的基础。平原水网区农业面源污染特点与其他地区存在差异,因此需要选择适宜的技术措施开展面源污染防控。根据平原水网地区的地形地貌特点和农业发展现状,分别分析了种植业、畜禽养殖业、水产养殖业和农村生活污水的污染特征和治理难点。从水环境安全保护的角度出发,重点关注氮磷流失过程,针对种植业、畜禽养殖业、水产养殖业和农村生活污水等不同污染来源以及源头、过程和末端等不同污染环节,介绍并对比了适宜平原水网区的农业面源污染治理技术。以我国平原水网区某典型农业区为例,基于源头减量、过程控制、末端治理利用提出了农业面源污染控制技术比选技术路线和综合治理方案,并评估了方案的环境效益和经济效益。最后,从加强农业面源污染监测、拓展农业面源污染研究和创新农业面源污染防治技术的角度,对未来平原水网区农业面源污染治理工作提出了建议与展望。

Abstract: Agricultural non-point source pollution has become one of the serious threats to the water ecological environment in the Plain River-net Area of China. Strengthening the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution is fundamental to fostering high-quality development in this region. Considering the unique environmental dynamics and characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Plain River-net Area, the implementation of appropriate technologies is necessary for effectively mitigating non-point source pollution. This study examines the pollution characteristics and challenges related to controlling agricultural non-point source pollution in China's Plain River-net Area, taking into account the region's landform characteristics and development of agriculture. Specifically, it analyzes pollution issues associated with the planting industry, livestock and poultry breeding industry, aquaculture industry, and rural domestic sewage. Emphasizing the importance of safeguarding water environment security, the study particularly focuses on understanding the processes of nitrogen and phosphorus loss. Subsequently, various agricultural non-point source pollution control technologies were introduced and compared for various pollution stages within planting industry, livestock and poultry breeding industry, aquaculture industry, and rural domestic sewage in the plain river network areas. Using a typical agricultural region in the Plain River-net Area as a case study, this study proposed a technical route for selecting appropriate technology and comprehensive governance schemes for pollution control, with an assessment of environmental and economic benefits. Finally, the study provides recommendations and future prospects for the control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Plain River-net Area, including the reinforcement of monitoring, expansion of research, and innovation in technologies for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution.

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