长江流域资源与环境 >> 2025, Vol. 34 >> Issue (2): 383-394.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202502013

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于子流域尺度的抚仙湖磷污染源解析及环境风险评估

王延杰1,梁启斌2,王艳霞1,侯磊2,陈奇伯1,李晓琳1*,王伟3,高俊淑1   

  1. (1. 西南林业大学水土保持学院,云南 昆明 650224;2.西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南 昆明 650224;3. 云南蓝态环境工程有限公司,云南 昆明 650051)
  • 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-02-28

Analysis of Phosphorus Loading Sources and Environmental Risk Assessment at Sub-basin Scale in Fuxian Lake Basin

WANG Yan-jie1, LIANG Qi-bin2, WANG Yan-xia1, HOU Lei2, CHEN Qi-bo1, LI Xiao-lin1*, WANG Wei3, GAO Jun-shu1   

  1. (1.College of Soil and Water Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; 2. College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; 3.Yunnan Blue Environment Engineering Co., Kunming 650051, China)
  • Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-02-28

摘要: 精准定量湖泊流域总磷(TP)污染源结构是有效评估湖泊环境风险的重要前提。以典型高原湖泊抚仙湖为例,通过资料收集和现场调查,结合TP污染负荷源解析模型,分析了抚仙湖25个子流域1990~2020年TP污染负荷。通过熵权模糊综合评价模型,分别评估1990~2020年抚仙湖全流域和子流域尺度TP环境风险。结果表明:(1)1990~2020年抚仙湖流域TP污染负荷范围为59.38~239.05 t,点源污染占比有所上升,但面源污染仍是TP污染最大来源。TP污染主要来自化肥施用和畜禽散养。其中化肥污染主要来自抚城河和河外直钩河子流域,畜禽散养污染主要来自大提坎清河和大箐河子流域。(2)1990~2020年抚仙湖全流域环境风险呈现先增后减特征,其中2005年风险最高;河外直钩和抚澄河子流域环境风险程度较高,2000~2010年间一直处于高风险水平(风险值>0.55)。由于磷矿关闭,东大河子流域2005~2010年环境风险程度从极高降至极低风险。子流域尺度风险评估可以提供更加精准的环境风险信息,基于子流域尺度的湖泊污染源解析及环境风险评估结果可为抚仙湖流域TP环境风险防控措施的实施和水质恶化预警提供科学参考。

Abstract: Precise quantification of sources of total phosphorus is important for assessing environmental risk in lake basins. In this study, we selected the Fuxian Lake Basin as an example and applied TP pollution load models to analyze the sources of TP at sub-basin scales from 1990 to 2020. We further used entropy weight fuzzy model to evaluate the dynamic pattern of environmental risk of TP pollution at the whole basin scale and sub-basin scale. The results showed that: (1)The TP pollution loads were from 59.38~239.05 t during the period of 1990~2020. Point pollution increased over time, whereas non-point pollution was still the dominant source. TP pollution was mainly from synthetic fertilizer and animal manure application on the crop land. Synthetic fertilizer was the dominant source in the Fucheng River and the Hewaizhigou River sub-basins, and animal manure application on crop land was the main source in Datikanqing River and the Dajing River sub-basins. (2)The environmental risk in the whole basin increased from 1990 to 2005 and reached a peak in 2005. Afterwards, the risk decreased from 0.56~0.06 during 2005 to 2020. The Hewaizhigouhe River and the Fuchenghe River sub-basins were always at a higher environmental risk level from 2000 to 2010 with the high evaluation value of above 0.55. Due to the closure of mining operations, a significant reduction in environmental risk was shown in the Dongdahe River sub-basin from 2005 to 2010. Compared to the whole-basin scale, environmental risk assessment at sub-basin scales provided more accurate information on lake management. Analysis of pollution sources and assessment of environmental risks at sub-basin scales can provide scientific basis and technical support for decision-makers in plateau lakes areas.

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