长江流域资源与环境 >> 2025, Vol. 34 >> Issue (2): 395-409.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202502014

•　生态环境　• 上一篇    下一篇

金沙江中段不同调节周期水电站对植被扰动及外溢研究

张家铮1, 2，聂俊成3，朱大明1，戴祚敏1, 2，王德智2, 4*，张全发2, 4   

  1. （1. 昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，云南 昆明 650093;2. 中国科学院武汉植物园中国科学院水生植物与流域生态重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430074;3. 咸宁职业技术学院，湖北 咸宁 437000；4. 中国科学院丹江口湿地生态系统野外科学观测研究站，湖北 武汉 430074）
  • 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-02-28

Vegetation Disturbance and Spillover of Hydropower Stations with Different Regulation Periods in the Middle Jinsha River

ZHANG Jia-zheng1, 2, NIE Jun-cheng3, ZHU Da-ming1, DAI Zuo-min1, 2, WANG De-zhi2, 4, ZHANG Quan-fa2, 4   

  1. (1. College of Land and Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Plants and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; 3. Xian ning Vocational and Technical College, Xian ning 437000, China; 4. Dan jiang kou Wetland Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China)
  • Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-02-28

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摘要： 水电是重要的清洁能源，但水电站建设周期长、影响范围广，水电站不同阶段对周边植被的影响存在较大的不确定性。基于MODIS时序归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index，NDVI)，以谷歌地球引擎（Google Earth Engine，GEE）为运算平台，利用LandTrendr算法精确分析植被扰动的年份、强度，耦合Theil-Sen Median和Hurst指数研究金沙江中段不同调节方式的水电站2000~2022年间对区域植被的动态影响。结果表明：（1）NDVI主要突变点与相应大坝的蓄水年份一致（观音岩：2015年；鲁地拉：2013年；龙开口：2013年；阿海：2013年）。周调节水电站的影响范围（0~13 km）广于日调节水电站（0~9 km），正向突变面积（37.21%~54.53%）也高于日调节水电站（22.35%~38.07%），影响程度垂直于河岸向外逐渐减弱；（2）在2000~2022年期间，4大水电站NDVI总体呈现上升趋势（0.001~0.004/a），在建设前、建设中、运营后分别呈现“升—降—升”现象。水电站的运营可以促进周边植被恢复，且周调节水电站对植被的积极影响（NDVI上升率0.007~0.008/a）高于日调节水电站（NDVI上升率0.005~0.007/a）；（3）水电站周边植被变化受到气候与水电站运营的双重影响，水电站运营对植被的影响高于气候的影响；（4）水电站对周边植被的影响呈外溢效应（呈现向外扩散的趋势），且未来消极影响同样有扩散的可能性，其影响具有延后性。研究为区域植被生长可持续发展和水电站可持续运营提供可靠的科学依据及理论技术支持。

Abstract: Hydropower is a crucial source of clean energy, yet the long construction period and broad impact range of hydropower stations result in significant uncertainties regarding their effects on surrounding vegetation. Based on MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the utilization of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) as a computational platform, this study employed the LandTrendr algorithm to analyze the timing and magnitude of vegetation disturbance. Additionally, the Theil-Sen Median and Hurst index were combined to investigate the dynamic impacts of hydropower stations with different regulation modes on regional vegetation from 2000 to 2022 in the middle Jinsha River. The results revealed that: (1) The major change points in NDVI aligned with the respective dam's impoundment years (Guanyinyan: 2015; Rudila: 2013; Dragon's Mouth: 2013; Ah Hai: 2013). The influence range of weekly-regulated hydropower stations (0~13 km) was wider than that of daily-regulated stations (0~9 km), with a larger positive change area (37.21~54.53%) compared to daily-regulated stations (22.35~38.07%), which gradually diminished in intensity away from the riverbank; (2) From 2000 to 2022, NDVI of the four major hydropower stations generally exhibited an upward trend (0.001~0.004 per year), showing a cycle of "rise - fall - rise" before, during, and after the construction. The operation of hydropower stations facilitated the restoration of surrounding vegetation. The weekly-regulated stations demonstrated a greater positive impact on vegetation (NDVI increase rate of 0.007~0.008 per year) compared to the daily-regulated stations (NDVI increase rate of 0.005~0.007 per year); (3) Changes in vegetation around hydropower stations were influenced by both climate and station operation, and the latter having a more significant impact on vegetation than the former; (4) The impact of hydropower stations on surrounding vegetation displayed a spillover effect, indicating outward diffusion of negative impacts of spreading in the future, albeit with a delayed effect. This study provided a reliable scientific foundation and theoretical support for the sustainability of regional vegetation and the sustainable operation of hydropower stations.

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