长江流域资源与环境 >> 2013, Vol. 22 >> Issue (5): 626-.

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

太湖流域湖荡湿地沉积物砷汞的空间分布及污染评价

徐泽新|张 敏   

  1. (华中农业大学水产学院|农业部淡水生物繁育重点实验室|湖北 武汉 430070)
  • 出版日期:2013-05-20

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND POLLUTION ASSESSMENT OF As AND Hg IN SEDIMENTS FROM LAKES IN LAKE TAIHU WATERSHED

XU Zexin, ZHANG Min   

  1. (College of Fisheries|Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)
  • Online:2013-05-20

摘要:

以太湖流域湖荡湿地表层沉积物作为研究对象,用双道氢化物原子荧光光谱法分析了太湖流域湖荡湿地沉积物中重金属砷(As)和汞(Hg)的空间分布特征,用地累积指数法(Geoaccumulation Index,Igeo)对太湖流域湖荡湿地As和Hg的污染状况进行了分析和评价。结果表明:湖州和无锡地区湖荡湿地沉积物As的含量相对较高,且高于太湖流域As的环境背景值,各研究区域湖荡湿地沉积物均未受到As的污染;常州地区湖荡湿地沉积物中Hg的含量相对较低,0<Igeo<1,湿地沉积物受到了重金属Hg轻度污染;其它4个区域Hg含量均较高,且高于太湖流域Hg环境背景值,1<Igeo<2,均达到偏中度污染水平。由此可见,5个研究区域湖荡沉积物均受到不同程度的重金属Hg的污染,而湖荡沉积物中As的含量仅在局部区域(如无锡,湖州)有增加的趋势,表明人类活动的干扰可能是太湖流域湖荡沉积物中Hg和As含量增加的主要因素

Abstract:

The Taihu watershed,one of the most developed regions in China,is in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The Taihu watershed includes parts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces and Shanghai municipality.The areas of lakes in the large drainage basin are approximately 1300 kilometers.Most of the lakes in Lake Taihu watershed are distributed in Suzhou,Wuxi and Changzhou.However,in recent years,because the rapid development of the local economy and enhancement of the urbanization level,the lakes in Lake Taihu watershed have been seriously plagued by pollutions from industrial wastewater,agricultural wastewater and city life sewage.Heavy metals naturally occur in the earth crust.However,human activities have introduced high loads of these elements in the environment,making the differentiation of natural and anthropogenic contributions difficult.Sediments provide a temporally integrated indication of the aquatic environment condition and act as a major reservoir for metals,though some sediment can also act as a source of contaminants.Furthermore,sediments have high physicalchemical stability and their characteristics usually represent the average condition of the system,often being representative of the average water quality.Therefore,the heavy metal pollution problems have already become one of the hot topics to the domestic and international research personnel.The aims of this paper are to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and evaluate the pollutions of main heavy metals As and Hg in the sediments from lakes in Lake Taihu watershed.Five representative areas are selected for this research.The five selected research areas are Suzhou areas,Changzhou areas,Wuxi areas,Huzhou areas and Yixing areas in Lake Taihu watershed respectively.The spatial distributions of main heavy metals As and Hg in the sediments from lakes in Lake Taihu watershed,were analyzed with Hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry analytical method.The pollution assessments of heavy metals were calculated by geoaccumulation index (Igeo) method on the background of the lakes in Lake Taihu watershed.The results showed that the highest concentrations of As and Hg in the Suzhou areas,Changzhou areas,Wuxi areas,Huzhou areas and Yixing areas were respectively 21.88 mg/kg,16.35 mg/kg,21.36 mg/kg,13.77 mg/kg and 13.97 mg/kg;1.50 mg/kg,1.42 mg/kg,1.01 mg/kg,1.65 mg/kg and 1.46 mg/kg.The lowest concentrations of As and Hg in Suzhou areas,Changzhou areas,Wuxi areas,Huzhou areas and Yixing areas were 2.92 mg/kg, 2.72 mg/kg,4.18 mg/kg,4.28 mg/kg and 2.47 mg/kg;0.34 mg/kg,0.03 mg/kg,0.23 mg/kg,0.29 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg respectively.The average concentrations of As in the sediments were relatively higher in Huzhou and Wuxi than other areas.The values exceeded environmental baseline in the basin of Lake Taihu.Average concentrations of Hg in the sediment from four areas (Huzhou,Suzhou,Wuxi and Yixing) were significantly higher than environmental baseline in the basin of Lake Taihu,except for Changzhou.The index Geoaccumulation (Igeo) values indicated that pollution intensity of As was unpolluted in all areas,but pollution intensity of Hg reached moderate level except for Changzhou.Therefore,the lakes from Lake Taihu watershed have been influenced by As and Hg,especially the heavy metal Hg pollution has been relatively serious

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