长江流域资源与环境 >> 2013, Vol. 22 >> Issue (8): 1165-.

• 自然资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

湖南境内澧水鱼类资源现状与多样性研究

刘良国|杨品红|杨春英|邹万生|王文彬|韩 庆   

  1. (动物学湖南省高校重点实验室|湖南文理学院生命科学学院|湖南 常德 415000)
  • 出版日期:2013-09-20

STATUS AND DIVERSITY OF FISH RESOURCES OF 
THE LISHUI RIVER IN HUNAN PROVINCE

LIU Liangguo|YANG Pinhong|YANG Chunying|ZOU Wansheng|WANG Wenbin|HAN Qing   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Zoology in Hunan Higher Education|College of Life Science|Hunan University of Arts and Science|Changde 415000|China
  • Online:2013-09-20

摘要:

作为洞庭湖一级支流,澧水对洞庭湖乃至长江水系鱼类资源的维持或补充有着重要作用。为了了解澧水的鱼类资源现状,于2010年4月~2011年12月,对湖南境内澧水水系鱼类资源进行调查。共采集鉴定鱼类95种(包括1种湖南鱼类新纪录,4种外来种),隶属于8目19科59属。种类组成以鲤科鱼类为主,占5053%。多样性分析表明,澧水不同江段鱼类群落多样性处于较好或丰富状态,在空间分布上,鱼类物种数按上、中、下游依次增加,多样性指数也呈上升趋势且差异显著(P<005)。相似性及聚类分析表明,澧水鱼类群落可分为3个类群,即:上、中、下游类群;上游与中游类群为中等相似,与下游类群为中等不相似,中游与下游类群相似性总体小于与上游类群相似性。澧水鱼类在洄游、摄食、栖息习性等生态类型上呈现多样化特征。调查江段渔获物组成虽存在差异,但主要以鲤、鲫、翘嘴鲌、蒙古鲌、鲇、黄颡鱼、[XCz1.tif;%85%85,JZ]、银鮈、中华花鳅、子陵吻鰕虎鱼等湖泊定居性或山溪流水性[JP3]鱼类为主,“四大家鱼”等洄游性鱼类所占比例极低,鱼类小型化现象明显,原因分析主要与水工建设和过度捕捞有关。[

Abstract:

As one of the important reaches of the Dongting Lake maintaining a connection with the mainstream of the Yangtze River,the Lishui River is an important and valuable river for maintaining or providing the fish resource of the Dongting Lake To evaluating the current status of fishery resource of the Lishui River in Hunan province,we surveyed the river during April to August of 2010 and September to December of 2011 20 sampling sites were selected in the river basin including the upper reaches in Sangzhi,the middle reaches in Cili and Shimen,and the lower reaches in Lixian and Jinshi A total of 95 fish species were collected,belonging to 8 orders,19 families and 59 genera Among them,one specie was new record in Hunan province and 4 species were introduced to the river basin Cyprinids were dominant,accounting for 5053% of the total species Species richness and diversity index were used to analyze the characteristics of the fish communities The results showed that the diversity and the uniformity of fish community in the Lishui River was good On spatial distribution,the species richness increased  from the upper to the lower section and the diversity indices also raised obviously The similarity and cluster analysis showed that fish assemblages of the Lishui River could be distinguished as three cluster,upriver cluster,middle reach cluster and downriver cluster The Jaccard similarity coefficient showed that the fish communities of the upper section were highly similar to those at the middle section,and moderately dissimilar to those at the lower section There was higher similarity degree of the fish communities between the middle section and the upper section,and lower similarity degree between the middle section and the lower section With regard to ecological type,fish communities in the Lishui River showed diversification types such as migratory,feeding and perching habit Despite the species of the catches in various sections were different,the main species of the catches were lakesettlement fishes such as Cyprinus carpio,Carassius auratus, Culter alburnus,Culter mongolicus,Silurus asotus,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Hemiculter leucisculus, Squalidus argentatus,etc,or mountainstream fishes such as Cobitis sinensis, Rhinogobius giurinus, etc The ratio of migratory species such as four major Chinese carps was extremely low,and the commercial fishes showed miniaturization significantly These phenomena were mainly caused by the hydraulic projects and overfishing Some suggestions for the protection of the fish resources of the Lishui River were put forward.

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