长江流域资源与环境 >> 2016, Vol. 25 >> Issue (12): 1886-1893.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201612012

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

南京市植物叶面颗粒物的黑碳含量及时空分布特征

是怡芸1,2, 赵月1,3, 查燕1,2, 张银龙1,2   

  1. 1. 南京林业大学生物与环境学院, 江苏 南京 210037;
    2. 南京林业大学, 江苏省南方现代林业协同创新中心, 江苏 南京 210037;
    3. 南京市环境保护宣传教育中心, 江苏 南京 210013
  • 收稿日期:2016-04-11 修回日期:2016-06-08 出版日期:2016-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 张银龙,E-mail:ecoenvylz@163.com E-mail:ecoenvylz@163.com
  • 作者简介:是怡芸(1992~),女,硕士研究生,主要从事环境生态学研究.E-mail:623135619@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省高校自然科学基金重大项目(13KJA80002);江苏省高校研究生科研创新计划项目(KYZZ150255);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

CONTENTS AND DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF BLACK CARBON IN FOLIAR DUST IN NANJING

SHI Yi-yun1,2, ZHAO Yue1,3, ZHA Yan1,2, ZHANG Yin-long1,2   

  1. 1. College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
    2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
    3. Nanjing Publicity and Education Center for Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210013, China
  • Received:2016-04-11 Revised:2016-06-08 Online:2016-12-20
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(13KJA80002);Innovation Project of University Graduate Students in Jiangsu Province(KYZZ150255);A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)

摘要: 黑碳是大气气溶胶的重要组成部分,能够吸收太阳辐射产生温室效应,并对人体健康产生负面影响。选取了南京市的6个典型功能区,研究不同污染水平和不同季节下植物叶面颗粒物黑碳含量的时空分布特征,并将其与地面尘和表层土壤中的黑碳含量进行比较,探讨黑碳在多介质中的分布规律。结果表明:(1)城市植物叶面颗粒物的黑碳含量呈现冬季 > 秋季 > 春季≈夏季的季节变化特征;(2)工业区植物叶面颗粒物的黑碳含量最高,并与其他功能区的差异达显著水平;(3)城市植物叶面颗粒物黑碳含量越高,BC/OC值也越大,城市植物叶面颗粒物的黑碳主要来源于化石燃料的燃烧;(4)黑碳气溶胶通过植被表层到达地表的过程中其含量逐渐下降,植物叶面颗粒物可作为监测大气黑碳污染的有效手段。

关键词: 城市植物, 叶面颗粒物, 黑碳, 时空分布

Abstract: Black carbon has already become an important component of atmospheric pollutants which increases greenhouse effect and harms to human health. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of black carbon in foliar dust were studied in six different function zones in Nanjing and compared with surface dust and soils so as to investigate the distribution of black carbon in multi-medias. The results showed that the contents of black carbon in foliar dust varied greatly with seasons and rpeaked in winter. The contents of black carbon were significantly higher in industrial area than other functional zones. There was a highly significant correlation between black carbon and BC/OC, demonstrating that the accumulation of black carbon in foliar dust was strongly influenced by fossil fuels. The contents of black carbon in foliar dust were significantly higher than those in surface dust and soils of the same place, indicating that its concentration decreased gradually in the migration process from the atmosphere to the surface. Particulate matter on plant leaves can be used as an effective tool for monitoring atmospheric pollution such as black carbon.

Key words: urban plants, foliar dust, black carbon, spatial and temporal distribution

中图分类号: 

  • X51
[1] NOWAK D J, CRANE D E, STEVENS J C. Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2006, 4(3/4):115-123.
[2] SHRIDHAR V, KHILLARE P S, AGARWAL T, et al. Metallic species in ambient particulate matter at rural and urban location of Delhi[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 175(1/3):600-607.
[3] LIACOS J W, KAM W, DELFINO R J, et al. Characterization of organic, metal and trace element PM2.5 species and derivation of freeway-based emission rates in Los Angeles, CA[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 435-436:159-166.
[4] SOLAZZO E, BIANCONI R, PIROVANO G, et al. Operational model evaluation for particulate matter in Europe and North America in the context of AQMEII[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2012, 53:75-92.
[5] WANG K, ZHANG Y, NENES A, et al. Implementation of dust emission and chemistry into the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system and initial application to an Asian dust storm episode[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012, 12(21):10209-10237.
[6] DOĞANLAR Z B, ATMACA M. Influence of airborne pollution on Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Al accumulation and physiological parameters of plant leaves in Antakya (Turkey)[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2011, 214(1/4):509-523.
[7] 王丹丹, 孙峰, 周春玲, 等. 城市道路植物圆柏叶片重金属含量及其与滞尘的关系[J]. 生态环境学报, 2012, 21(5):947-951.[WANG D D, SUN F, ZHOU C L, et al. Contents of heavy metal and its relationship with dust detainition in leaves of Sabina chinensis in urban road[J]. Ecology and Environment Sciences, 2012, 21(5):947-951.]
[8] 秦世广, 汤洁, 石广玉, 等. 四川温江黑碳气溶胶浓度观测研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2007, 27(8):1370-1376.[QIN S G, TANG J, SHI G Y, et al. Observational study of black carbon at Wenjiang, Sichuan Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2007, 27(8):1370-1376.]
[9] 杨国福, 江洪, 余树全, 等. 浙江省1991-2006年森林火灾释放黑碳量的估算[J]. 生态学报, 2009, 29(5):2612-2621.[YANG G F, JIANG H, YU S Q, et al. Black carbon emission from forest fires of Zhejiang Province during 1991-2006[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(5):2612-2621.]
[10] CHAMEIDES W L, BERGIN M. Soot takes center stage[J]. Science, 2002, 297(5590):2214-2215.
[11] JACOBSON M Z. Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols[J]. Nature, 2001, 409(6821):695-697.
[12] 秦世广, 汤洁, 温玉噗. 黑碳气溶胶及其在气候变化研究中的意义[J]. 气象, 2001, 27(11):3-7.[QIN S G, TANG J, WEN Y P. Black carbon and its importance in climate change studies[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2001, 27(11):3-7.]
[13] 陶俊, 朱李华, 韩静磊, 等. 2007年春季广州城区黑碳气溶胶污染特征的初步研究[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2008, 13(5):658-662.[TAO J, ZHU L H, HAN J L, et al. Preliminary study on characteristics of black carbon aerosol pollution in Guangzhou during the spring of 2007[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2008, 13(5):658-662.]
[14] SCHMIDT M W I, NOACH A G. Black carbon in soils and sediments:analysis, distribution, implications, and current challenges[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2000, 14(3):777-793.
[15] 黄观, 刘伟, 刘志红, 等. 黑碳气溶胶研究概况[J]. 灾害学, 2015, 30(2):205-214.[HUANG G, LIU W, LIU Z H, et al. A research overview of black carbon aerosols[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2015, 30(2):205-214.]
[16] 徐昶, 沈建东, 叶辉, 等. 杭州黑碳气溶胶污染特性及来源研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014, 34(12):3026-3033.[XU C, SHEN J D, YE H, et al. Characteristics and source of black carbon aerosol pollution in Hangzhou[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014, 34(12):3026-3033.]
[17] 汤莉莉, 祝愿, 牛生杰, 等. 南京北郊大气细粒子中黑碳气溶胶的观测研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2011, 31(4):709-716.[TANG L L, ZHU Y, NIU S J, et al. Observation of black carbon in fine particulate matter in the north suburb of Nanjing[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2011, 31(4):709-716.]
[18] 程劲竹, 郭沛涌, 刘宁, 等. 山美水库表层沉积物黑碳分布特征及其对磷形态的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014, 34(4):1012-1018.[CHENG J Z, GUO P Y, LIU N, et al. Spatiotemporal distribution of black carbon and its effect on phosphorous speciation in surface sediments of Shanmei Reservoir[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014, 34(4):1012-1018.]
[19] 史晋森, 孙乃秀, 叶浩, 等. 青海高原季节性降雪中的黑碳气溶胶[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014, 34(10):2472-2478.[SHI J S, SUN N X, YE H, et al. Black carbon in seasonal snow across Qinghai Plateau[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014, 34(10):2472-2478.]
[20] 徐福银, 包兵, 方海兰. 上海市城市绿地土壤中黑碳分布特征[J]. 土壤通报, 2014, 45(2):457-461.[XU F Y, BAO B, FANG H L. Distribution characteristics of black carbon in greenbelt soils of Shanghai[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2014, 45(2):457-461.]
[21] 王曦, 杨靖宇, 俞元春, 等. 不同功能区城市林业土壤黑碳含量及来源-以南京市为例[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(3):837-843.[WANG X, YANG J Y, YU Y C, et al. Concentration and sources of black carbon in urban forest soils in different functional areas of Nanjing, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(3):837-843.]
[22] POPEK R, GAWROŃSKA H, WROCHNA M, et al. Particulate matter on foliage of 13 woody species:deposition on surfaces and phytostabilisation in waxes-a 3 year study[J]. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2013, 15(3):245-256.
[23] SÆBØ A, POPEK R, NAWROT B, et al. Plant species differences in particulate matter accumulation on leaf surfaces[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 427-428:347-354.
[24] YIN S, SHEN Z M, ZHOU P S, et al. Quantifying air pollution attenuation within urban parks:an experimental approach in Shanghai, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2011, 159(8/9):2155-2163.
[25] TALLIS M, TAYLOR G, SINNETT D, et al. Estimating the removal of atmospheric particulate pollution by the urban tree canopy of London, under current and future environments[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2011, 103(2):129-138.
[26] HARA H, KASHIWAKURA T, KITAYAMA K, et al. Foliar rinse study of atmospheric black carbon deposition to leaves of konara oak (Quercus serrata) stands[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014, 97:511-518.
[27] QIU Y, GUAN D S, SONG W W, et al. Capture of heavy metals and sulfur by foliar dust in urban Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2009, 75(4):447-452.
[28] 冯朝阳, 高吉喜, 田美荣, 等. 京西门头沟区自然植被滞尘能力及效益研究[J]. 环境科学研究, 2007, 20(5):155-159.[FENG C Y, GAO J X, TIAN M R, et al. Research on dust absorption ability and efficiency of natural vegetation in Mentougou District, Beijing[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2007, 20(5):155-159.]
[29] 张银龙, 王亚超, 庞博, 等. 城市植物叶面尘中痕量元素分布特征及其生态风险评价[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2010, 10(5):97-101.[ZHANG Y L, WANG Y C, PANG B, et al. Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in urban foliar dust[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2010, 10(5):97-101.]
[30] 戴斯迪, 马克明, 宝乐. 北京城区行道树国槐叶面尘分布及重金属污染特征[J]. 生态学报, 2012, 32(16):5095-5102.[DAI S D, MA K M, BAO L. Distribution and heavy metal character of foliar dust on roadside tree Sophora japonica of urban area in Beijing[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(16):5095-5102.]
[31] 王会霞, 石辉, 李秧秧, 等. 城市植物叶面尘粒径和几种重金属(Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Ni)的分布特征[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2012, 12(1):170-174.[WANG H X, SHI H, LI Y Y, et al. Distribution features of particle size and heavy metal elements in foliage-captured dust[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2012, 12(1):170-174.]
[32] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2000:135-139.
[33] LIM B, CACHIER H. Determination of black carbon by chemical oxidation and thermal treatment in recent marine and lake sediments and Cretaceous-Tertiary clays[J]. Chemical Geology, 1996, 131(1/4):143-154.
[34] 黄佳鸣, 王晓旭, 王阳, 等. 地表灰尘中黑碳含量的研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2012, 38(1):91-96.[HUANG J M, WANG X X, WANG Y, et al. Contents of black carbon in some surface dusts from Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture & Life Sciences), 2012, 38(1):91-96.]
[35] 梁淑英. 南京地区常见城市绿化树种的生理生态特性及净化大气能力的研究[D]. 南京:南京林业大学硕士学位论文, 2005.[LIANG S Y. Study on physio-ecological characteristics and mechanisms of purifying air of common urban tree specie[D]. Nanjing:Master Dissertation of Nanjing Forestry University, 2005.]
[36] 李玉琛. 济青高速公路淄博段生态防护带的环境功能与效应[D]. 南京:南京林业大学硕士学位论文, 2005.[LI Y C. Environmental function and effect of ecological protective forest on expressway of Zibo in Shandong[D]. Nanjing:Master Dissertation of Nanjing Forestry University, 2005.]
[37] 王月菡. 基于生态功能的城市森林绿地规划控制性指标研究-以南京市为例[D]. 南京:南京林业大学硕士学位论文, 2004.[WANG Y H. Study on control index of urban forest and green space planning based on ecological function-based on the case of Nanjing[D]. Nanjing:Master Dissertation of Nanjing Forestry University, 2004.]
[38] 朱厚玲. 我国地区黑碳气溶胶时空分布研究[D]. 北京:中国气象科学研究院硕士学位论文, 2003.[ZHU H L. The study on the temporal and spatial distribution of black Carbon aerosol in China[D]. Beijing:Master Dissertation of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, 2003.]
[39] FRUIN S A, WINER A M, RODES C E. Black carbon concentrations in California vehicles and estimation of in-vehicle diesel exhaust particulate matter exposures[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2004, 38(25):4123-4133.
[40] BRANTLEY H L, HAGLER G S W, DESHMUKH P J, et al. Field assessment of the effects of roadside vegetation on near-road black carbon and particulate matter[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 468-469:120-129.
[41] 程政红, 吴际友, 刘云国, 等. 岳阳市主要绿化树种滞尘效应研究[J]. 中国城市林业, 2004, 2(2):37-40.[CHENG Z H, WU J Y, LIU Y G, et al. Effects of main afforestation tree species on dust blocking in Yueyang city[J]. Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry, 2004, 2(2):37-40.]
[42] 邱媛, 管东生, 宋巍巍, 等. 惠州城市植被的滞尘效应[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(6):2455-2462.[QIU Y, GUAN D S, SONG W W, et al. The dust retention effect of urban vegetation in Huizhou, Guangdong Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(6):2455-2462.]
[43] MURI G, CERMELJ B, FAGANELI J, et al. Black carbon in Slovenian alpine lacustrine sediments[J]. Chemosphere, 2002, 46(8):1225-1234.
[44] DE LA ROSA J M, KNICKER H, LÓPEZ-CAPEL E, et al. Direct detection of black carbon in soils by Py-GC/MS, carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric techniques[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2008, 72(1):258-267.
[45] GATARI M J, BOMAN J. Black carbon and total carbon measurements at urban and rural sites in Kenya, Kenya, East Africa[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2003, 37(8):1149-1154.
[46] 何跃, 张甘霖. 城市土壤有机碳和黑碳的含量特征与来源分析[J]. 土壤学报, 2006, 43(2):177-182.[HE Y, ZHANG G L. Concentration and sources of organic carbon and black carbon of urban soils in Nanjing[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2006, 43(2):177-182.]
[47] 陆燕, 王勤耕, 张艳燕. 长江三角洲黑碳排放特征研究[J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学), 2015, 51(3):535-542.[LU Y, WANG Q G, ZHANG Y Y. Black carbon emission in the Yangtze River delta[J]. Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences), 2015, 51(3):535-542.]
[48] 唐杨, 韩贵琳, 徐志方. 北京及其北部地区大气降尘中的黑碳含量特征[J]. 环境科学学报, 2013, 33(2):332-338.[TANG Y, HAN G L, XU Z F. Black carbon in the atmospheric dust of Beijing City and its north area[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013, 33(2):332-338.]
[1] 陈优良, 陶天慧, 丁鹏. 长江三角洲城市群空气质量时空分布特征[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(05): 687-697.
[2] 齐凌艳, 黄佳聪, 高俊峰, 郭玉银. 鄱阳湖枯水水位及流速时空分布模拟[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(04): 572-584.
[3] 段辛斌, 谢意军, 郭杰, 王珂, 刘绍平, 陈大庆. 长江中游洪湖至宜昌江段鱼类空间分布特征的水声学研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(12): 1842-1849.
[4] 张俊勇, 赵德招. 长江口南港北槽河床底质时空分布特征分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(10): 1520-1527.
[5] 钱红, 严云志, 储玲, 朱仁, 高俊峰, 蔡永久. 巢湖流域河流鱼类群落的时空分布[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 25(02): 257-264.
[6] 赵林, 于家烁, 薄岩, 杨娇, 李汉青. 基于SPEI的湖北省近52年干旱时空格局变化[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(07): 1230-1237.
[7] 郭渠, 孙卫国, 程炳岩, 段春锋. 重庆近48年来高温天气气候特征及其环流形势[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(1): 52-.
[8] 王龙学,寿绍文,杨金虎. 长江中下游地区汛期暴雨频次的时空分布特征[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2006, 15(4): 541-545.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 李 娜,许有鹏, 陈 爽. 苏州城市化进程对降雨特征影响分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2006, 15(3): 335 -339 .
[2] 张 政, 付融冰| 杨海真, 顾国维. 水量衡算条件下人工湿地对有机物的去除[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2007, 16(3): 363 .
[3] 孙维侠, 赵永存, 黄 标, 廖菁菁, 王志刚, 王洪杰. 长三角典型地区土壤环境中Se的空间变异特征及其与人类健康的关系[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2008, 17(1): 113 .
[4] 许素芳,周寅康. 开发区土地利用的可持续性评价及实践研究——以芜湖经济技术开发区为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2006, 15(4): 453 -457 .
[5] 郝汉舟, 靳孟贵, 曹李靖, 谢先军. 模糊数学在水质综合评价中的应用[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2006, 15(Sup1): 83 -87 .
[6] 刘耀彬, 李仁东. 现阶段湖北省经济发展的地域差异分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2004, 13(1): 12 -17 .
[7] 陈永柏,. 三峡工程对长江流域可持续发展的影响[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2004, 13(2): 109 -113 .
[8] 时连强,李九发,应 铭,左书华,徐海根. 长江口没冒沙演变过程及其对水库工程的响应[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2006, 15(4): 458 -464 .
[9] 翁君山,段 宁| 张 颖. 嘉兴双桥农场大气颗粒物的物理化学特征[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2008, 17(1): 129 .
[10] 王书国,段学军,姚士谋. 长江三角洲地区人口空间演变特征及动力机制[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2007, 16(4): 405 .