长江流域资源与环境 >> 2020, Vol. 29 >> Issue (1): 150-163.doi: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202001014

• 生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

1961~2017年中国不同等级寒冷天气日数时空演变特征

孔锋   

  1. (1.清华大学公共管理学院,北京 100084;2.清华大学应急管理研究基地,北京 100084;
    3.清华大学中国社会风险评估研究中心,北京 100084)

  • 出版日期:2020-01-20 发布日期:2020-03-24

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Cold Weather Days with Different Grades in China from 1961 to 2017

KONG Feng   

  1. (1. School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2. Center for Crisis 
    Management Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 3. Center for Social Risk Assessment in China, 
    Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
  • Online:2020-01-20 Published:2020-03-24

摘要:  基于气象行业的“寒冷程度等级”,采用1961~2017年中国545个日值最低气温站点数据,从气候态特征、变化趋势和波动特征3个方面分析近57年来中国不同寒冷天气日数时空演变特征。结果表明:(1)1961~2017年中国寒冷天气日数随着寒冷等级降低而逐渐增多。其中极寒和严寒天气日数仅分布在高纬度、高海拔地区。随着寒冷等级降低,寒冷天气日数逐渐向南方发展。(2)1961~2017年中国不同等级寒冷天气日数变化趋势具有各自不同的空间分异特征。高等级寒冷天气日数以减少趋势为主,且主要集中在高纬度、高海拔地区;随着寒冷等级降低,寒冷天气日数呈增加和减少趋势的范围不断增加。1991~2017年的高等级寒冷天气日数变化趋势相比1961~1990年偏小;随着寒冷等级增高,趋势偏大的地区不断增多。(3)1961~2017年中国高等级寒冷天气日数在高纬度、高海拔地区波动较大;随着寒冷等级降低,寒冷天气日数波动较大的地区逐渐向南方发展,且呈现出南方波动大、北方波动小的特征。中低等级寒冷天气日数波动差异特征分别集中在长江流域地区和南方沿海沿边地区。高等级寒冷天气日数波动差异特征则主要集中于高纬度、高海拔地区。


Abstract: Based on 545 daily minimum temperature station data of China from 1961 to 2017 and the “cold degree grade” formulated by meteorological industry, this research studied the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of different cold weather days in China in recent 57 years from three aspects: climatic state characteristics, trend and fluctuation characteristics. The results showed that: Firstly, the number of cold weather days in China increased gradually with the decreasing of cold grade from 1961 to 2017. The days of extreme cold and severe cold weather were only distributed in high latitude and high altitude areas. With the decreasing of cold grade, the number of cold weather days gradually developed to the south China. Secondly, the trend of cold weather days in different grades in China had different spatial characteristics from 1961 to 2017. The number of high grade cold weather days tended to decrease, mainly in high latitude and high altitude areas. With the decreasing of cold grade, the range of cold weather days tended to increase and decrease continuously. The trend of high grade cold weather days in 1991-2017 was smaller than that in 1961-1990, and with the increasing of cold grade, the areas with larger trend were increasing. Thirdly, the number of high grade cold weather days fluctuated greatly in high latitudes and high altitudes in China from 1961 to 2017. With the decreasing of cold grade, the areas with large fluctuation of cold weather days gradually developed to the south China, and it showed the characteristics of fluctuation high in the South and low in the north. The fluctuation characteristics of moderate and low grade cold weather days in China were respectively concentrated in the Yangtze River Basin and the southern coastal border areas in China from 1991 to 2017. The fluctuation characteristics of high grade cold weather days were mainly concentrated in high latitude and high altitude areas.


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