Abstract: Abstract：The green development of agriculture depends on the green transformation of farmers’ production behavior, which is not only related to the internal factors of farmers themselves and their families, but also stimulated and restrained by external factors. Based on the survey data of 719 farmers in Hubei province, and according to the characteristics of farmers’ pursuit of interests and loss aversion, this paper puts the external incentives and constraints faced by peasant households in the production process into a framework, discussing the influence of incentive and constraint measures on the green production behavior of farmers applying biological pesticide and the regulating effect of constraint measures. The findings are as follows: first, the positive stimulation of price incentive, technical training and policy subsidies, and the negative regulation of production supervision and punishment can significantly affect the production behavior of farmers and improve the possibility of farmers' application of biological pesticide.Second, price incentive has the greatest effect, followed by punishment and restraint, technical training and policy subsidies, and production supervision has the least effect. Third, restraint measures can adjust the influence of incentive measures on farmers' application of biological pesticide to a certain extent, and the direction of regulating effect is different under different incentive and restrictive measures. Production supervision and policy punishment positively regulate the role of price incentives, market supervision positively regulate the role of technical training, while production supervision has weakened the original effect of technical training. Therefore, we should attach equal importance to incentives and constraints when promoting green production of farmers, and make a reasonable combination of incentives and constraints to enlarge the synergistic effect of incentives and constraints.