Abstract: Based on the household survey data from Hubei, Hunan and Henan provinces in the central part of China, this paper examines the impacts of farmers’ health and non-farm employment on their use intensity of clean energy. Conditional mixed process(CMP) is employed. Results show that farmers with poor health or non-farm employment are more likely to use clean energy. Because of the institutional and market constraints, the interaction effect between health status and non-agricultural employment on clean energy use intensity is not statistically significant. Heterogeneity analysis shows that age, income, and the perception of ecological environment do not influence the impact of health status on the use of clean energy. Whereas, young and middle-aged farmers, farmers with low income or farmers with strong perception of ecological environment are influenced by non-agricultural employment and are more likely to use clean energy intensively. Therefore, to upgrade the energy use structure of rural households, the government should improve rural health services, strengthen the promotion of  knowledge of clean energy in rural areas, and help to eliminate the system and market obstacles to more rural residents’ participation in non-agricultural employment. This can help to enhance the whole nation’s health and to promote Clean Energy Priority Development Strategy.