Abstract: How to coordinate the relationship among economy, ecological environment and social welfare is an important task of sustainable development. This paper uses the super efficiency SBM model to measure the ecological welfare performance of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2007-2017, uses the barycenter model and spatial interpolation method to describe the spatial pattern evolution of the ecological welfare performance, and on this basis, uses the vector autoregressive model to analyze the dynamic response relationship between the ecological welfare performance and its influencing factors.The main conclusions are as follows: (1) from 2007 to 2017, the ecological welfare performance of the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows an upward trend in the early stage, but decreases in the later, and its overall value is low, which is mainly affected by scale efficiency.（2) On the whole, the track of the performance’s gravity center moves eastward and northward,and the high value areas are mainly concentrated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.From the perspective of spatial pattern, the ecological welfare performance in the middle and lower reaches of the region takes Hunan Province and Shanghai City as the high value centers respectively, which decreases from circle to circle, showing a more significant spatial structure of “core-periphery” .However, the overall performance of the upstream region is gradually lagging behind.(3) The impact of scale effect on the performance of ecological welfare is not significant in the current period. Its response value reaches the maximum value in the second period, and fluctuates near zero value in the sixth to tenth periods; the structural effect always shows negative impact, and the overall range of change is small; while the frequency of negative response of technical effect is significantly higher than that of positive.From the perspective of variance decomposition, performance is basically impacted by itself, but in the later stage, the contribution rate of its influencing factors has increase in varying degrees.