Abstract: Under the background of ecological civilization construction, national park has become the top priority in the management system reform of natural protected areas in China. As the core stakeholders of national parks, community residents are not only the main body to protect natural ecosystems, but also the key to the sustainable development of tourism. Based on the prism model of sustainable tourism development, this paper introduces satisfaction as an intermediary variable to build a structural relationship model of residents’ sustainable perception and support, which extends the applicability of Prism of Sustainability in the study of national parks of China. The research use the interpretation method of mixed research methods and take 3 communities (Muyu , Hongping , Xiaguping ) in different spatial locations in the Shennongjia NP as empirical research objects, and obtain survey data through questionnaire survey and in-depth interview. And then Structural Equation Model and factor analysis and in-depth interview material were used to conduct empirical research. The results indicated that：(1）The economic dimension plays a leading role in transitional and marginal communities, and the institutional dimension in the core community becomes a key factor affecting residents’ satisfaction；(2）The construction of NP and the development of eco-tourism have a significant impact on residents’ quality of life and environmental cognition, and shows obvious regional differences;(3）Satisfaction has a significant positive effect on residents’ support , and mediating utility decreases with distance;(4) The spatial differentiation of the residents’ sustainable perception in the Shennongjia NP community shows a unique regularity and do not conform to regional attenuation law. Therefore, in the construction process of Shennongjia NP, we should comprehensively measure the tourism development effect, pay attention to the core demands of residents, and improve the community participation mechanism, and improve the benefit distribution system and bring the fruits of development to all residents. And adopt differentiated community development path, so as to improve residents’ support for tourism development.