Abstract: From 2012 to 2015 surveys, 39 locations of dragonflies were investigated in Shennongjia mountains. 88 species of dragonflies belonging to 55 genera, 15 families and 2 suborders were obtained. Anisoptera species are dominant, with 34 genera and 61 species, occupied 61.82% and 69.32% of the total respectively. Libellulidae is the most abundant family, with 25 species, occupied 28.41% of the total species. Zygoptera with 21 genera and 27 species, occupied 38.18% and 30.68% of the total respectively, Calopterygidae, Platycnemididae and Coenagrionidae are dominant groups with 5 species each, occupied 5.68% of the total. The main characteristic of Shennongjia dragonfly fauna is the oriental species are dominant, with 49 species recorded, occupied 55.68% of the total species, including 4 distribution types; 39 species are the Palaearctic-Oriental distribution type, occupied 44.32% of the total species, including 9 distribution types. The results show that Shennongjia mountains is an important dragonfly habitat, and dragonfly resources have significant regional characteristics. In order to further protect the diversity of dragonflies, effective conservation strategies should be taken.