Abstract: Monitoring vegetation changes is momentous for evaluating the quality of ecological environment in China. The Vegetation Ecology Index（VEI) was constructed based on five indicators of Gross Primary Productivity, Leaf Area Index, Fractional Vegetation Cover, Temperature Vegetation Drought Index and Land Surface Temperature obtained from MODIS data in China. And the spatio-temporal variation characteristics, sustainability and stability of vegetation ecology quality in China from 2000-2018 were analyzed by using the SEN+Mann-Kendall, Hurst exponent and coefficient of variation. The results showed that:（1) The area of poor and inferior vegetation ecology quality accounted for 25.46% of the total area covered by vegetation, mainly distributed in the most regions of Xinjiang, the northwestern Gansu, the central and western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the central and western Inner Mongolia. The excellent areas accounted for 42.91%, mainly distributed in the eastern and northern regions of northeast China, the central and southern regions of east China, the central and southern China, the central and southern Inner Mongolia, and the Qinling region.（2) The ecological quality of vegetation showed a significant increase trend, with an annual growth rate of 0.1%.（3) From the spatial change trend, the area with increasing, basically unchanged and decreasing ecological quality of vegetation accounted for 34.82%, 54.19% and 10.99% of the total vegetation area, respectively.（4) The change in the ecological quality of China’s vegetation over the past nearly 20 years has been relatively small and stable. The future trend in the ecological quality of vegetation would be consistent with the past nearly 20 years and maintain the trend of continued improvement.（5) The ecological quality of all vegetation types tended to be improved, and the ecological quality of evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest and dense scrub was the best, while the ecological quality of permanent wetland, grassland and sparse scrub was the worst.