Abstract: Abundant rainfall and human disturbance have influenced slope land soil erosion in the Three Gorges reservoir area. At Zhangjiachong runoff monitoring point in Zigui County, Hubei Province, runoff plots with different types of land use and soil and water conservation measures (specific measures are hedgerow + citrus (soil ridge level terrace), Hedgerow + rape and peanut rotation, Hedgerow + tea, Hedgerow + citrus, rape and peanut rotation and citrus) are selected to study the characteristics of runoff and sediment as affected by multi-years rainfall (13 years). The results showed that II type heavy rainfall was the dominant type to induce soil erosion due to its high rainfall erosivity and secondly high frequency of occurrence. Extremely heavy rain resulted in the most soil and water loss, but was not representative type of rain due to its one-time occurrence. Under the same rainfall type, different soil conservation practices reduced runoff rate in different degree compared with the bare land, and the runoff reduction rate was above 30%, 20%-30%, and below 10% for “hedgerows+economic forest+engineering practice” , “hedgerows + crops / economic forest” and single vegetation, respectively. At the same time, soil conservation practices also significantly reduced the sediment yield, and the sediment reduction rate displayed in an order of tea (more than 50%)> citrus (40%-50%)> crop (30%-40%). Correlation analysis further confirmed that rainfall erosivity was significantly correlated with runoff and sediment yield (r >0.8), and the effect of rainfall erosivity on runoff and sediment yield was regulated by soil conservation practices. Therefore, it is important to investigate the synergistic effects of rainfall and soil conservation practices on soil erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir area for the purpose of ecological restoration.